Revietv of Recent Geological Literature. 259 
ation, in the period ending the Paleozoic era. of vast epeiro- 
genic and orogenic changes with widely extended and long 
continued glaciation. Again, in late Tertiary and Pleistocene 
time, great continental uplifts were attended with the second 
and only other great period of ice accumulation known in 
the geologic record. Measures of the uplift of North Amer- 
ica at that time, 3,000 to 5,000 feet above its present altitude, 
are afforded b}' the submerged valleys made known by Lin- 
denkohl, Dana, and Spencer, on our eastern shores, and b\' 
Davidson on the Californian coast, from the detailed hydro- 
graphic work of the United States Coast Survey. Likewise 
on the western shores of Europe and Africa fjords and sub- 
merged valleys prove a late uplift of a great part of these 
continents 3,000 to 6,000 feet, and in one tract even 8,000 feet, 
higher than now. These valleys reaching far beneath the 
present sea level prove indisputably a former ver}- great ele- 
vation of the regions of Pleistocene glaciation, and, east of 
the Atlantic, its continuation into the torrid zone, far beyond 
the limits of that glaciation.' The coincidence of such excep- 
tional epeirogenic movements and glaciation of large parts of 
the uplifted regions, occurring only twice and so widely apart 
in the earth's histor}-, points clearly to their relationship as 
cause and result, the snow and ice being amassed on the up- 
lifted lands because at their high altitude the storms brought 
mainly snow, instead of rain, at all seasons of the year- 
w. u. 
REVIEW OF RECENT GEOLOGICAL 
LITERATURE. 
The Glacial Orii^in of the Dwyka Coni[loiiieralc. Hy Dr. G. A. F. 
"MoLENGRAAF, State Geologist, South African Repul)lic. (Trans. Geol. 
Society of South Africa, vol. iv, pp. 103-115, with two plate views from 
]ihotographs, and two sections; Oct., 1898.) 
The author opens this paper bj- disclaiming any supposed glaciation 
in South Africa during the Quaternary era; but he confidently affirms 
that a far earlier glaciation prevailed there upon a very large area, 
probably during a part of the Permian period. The Dwyka conglom- 
erate, forming the base of the Karoo system, has pebbles and boulders 
lip to several tons in weight, imbedded in a matrix which weathers into 
