The Missoiirian Series of the Carboniferous. — Keyes. 315 
eight others. The formations represented include all except 
the Cottonwood limestone. The nearest outcrop of the latter 
is 15 miles from the state boundary. 
Owing to peculiarities in drainage and slight folds, the east- 
ern margin of the series is very sinuous. In the shallow syn- 
cline in the northcentral part of the state the Hmestone extends 
as outliers as far east as Milan, in Sullivan county. On the 
other hand, in the deep trough of the Missouri river, the rocks 
constituting the series are almost completely cut out at Kan- 
sas City, leaving two distinct areas in the state. 
Some of the formations of the Missouri river region were 
early distinguished, and in at least three cases special names 
were given. These titles have been retained in the present con- 
nection. Much data has accummulated regarding the rocks of 
this region and it is now being put in suitabk condition for 
publication. 
Katisan Area. The Missourian rocks occup)- a belt, in 
this state, 50 to 90 miles wide. They may be regarded as ex- 
tending over all of that part of Kansas east of a line drawn 
through Seneca, Topeka, Emporia and Eureka, except a small 
portion of the extreme southeastern corner of the state, where 
the Des Moines series is found. All the formations making up 
the series are fully represented. The Kansas geologists have 
made estimates on the thickness of the rocks of the state. They 
place the combined Des Moines and Missourian at about 2,400 
feet. This is evidently excessive, even according to the same 
data they have used. Some minor subdivisions of several of the 
formations are also recognized in the state, but they are only 
of local importance. The large streams cross the Missourian 
belt nearly at right angles to the strike. This gives some vm- 
usually good sections, and tends to accentuate the characteris- 
tic topography of the belt. 
Southern Extension. South, beyond the limits of Kansas, 
little is known of the details concerning the Missourian rocks. 
The part of the Verdigris valley, in Indian territory, and that 
part of the Arkansas valley north of the river appear to be oc- 
cupied by the rocks of this age. The Pawhaska limestone, in 
the Osage nation, is probably the lola. The series probably 
extends into the Creek country, and the Choctaw nation, but is 
