Review of Recent Geological Literature. 329 
enlarged edition, adding chapters on pig iron, steel making, coal wash- 
ing, etc.. In production of iron. ores Alabama ranks third among the 
states of the Union, being surpassed only by Michigan and Minnesota; 
while in the home manufacture of iron from her own ore Alabama ranks 
first. Her product of pig iron in 1897 was 947,831 long tons (of 2,240 
pounds), at an average cost of about $6 per ton. For the same year her 
iron ore product was 2,098,621 tons, valued at $0.74 per ton, being in 
quantity about an eighth, and in value about a twelfth, of the whole 
product of the United States. Phosphorous is present in the Alabama 
■ores to such amount that they yield no iron of Bessemer grade; but 
their iron is successfully used for the manufacture of steel by the basic 
open hearth process, w. u. 
A Guide to the Study of the Geological Collections of the New 
York State Museum. By Frederick J. H. Merrill, Director. 
Bulletin of the N. Y. State Museum, Albany, Vol. 4, No. 19, November, 
1898. Pages 105-262, with 118 plates and a folded geologic Relief Map 
of the State. Price 40 cents. 
In this comprehensive summary of the stratigraphic and economic 
geology of New York, with it concise introduction to the science of geol- 
Dgy, the people of that state, including its teachers and pupils, are sup- 
plied a most admirable manual for use in visiting the State Museum and 
in field observations of the rock formations. Among the many plate 
illustrations, all made from photographs, are numerous quarries, and the 
natural geologic sections of the Ausable chasm, the Niagara gorge, the 
Genesee gorge at Rochester, and many other localities of grand and 
beautiful scenery. By these examples the learner is led to examine the 
rocks of his own neighborhood as exposed by stream or lake erosion or 
b\ quarrying. 
The paleontology of the state is not here considered, excepting in 
the briefest way requisite for the description of the stratigraphy and 
areal geology; but it is hoped that another handbook, treating of the fos- 
sils will be prepared by Prof. John M. Clarke, the state paleontologist. 
w. u. 
On hardystonite, a new calcium-zinc silicate from Franklin Fur- 
nace, New fersey. By John E. Wolff. (Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and 
Sci., vol. 34, no. 18, pp. 477-481, Apr. 1899.) 
This mineral, which occurs in small white grains, was found in 
the nev workings at Xorlh Mine hill, Franklin Furnace, associated 
with willemite, rhodonite :ir.d fianklirite. Analyses, omitting impuri- 
ties and calculated to a basis of 100, show the composition to be: 
Si02, 38.34; ZnO, 25.88; CaO, 3578. This does not include small 
amounts of MnO (1.43) and MgO (1.61). The formula is ZnO, 
2CaO, 2SiOj. The grains of this mineral exhibit no distinct crystal 
boundaries, but cleavages and optical properties show it to be tetrag- 
onal. There is a good basal cleavage and also secondary cleavages 
parallel to the prisms of the first and second orders. The optical 
sign is negative and the birefringence is strong. The name hardy- 
•stonite is taken from Hardyston township in which the Franklin mines 
.nre situated. u. s. G. 
