Englacial Drift in the Mississippi Basin. — Uphain. 369 
In fine, the work is a compilation, and an arrangement, 
more or less ingenious, of the ideas of others. Its individual 
merit consists in having 345 little calculations for the table of 
classification, and several other computations the results of 
which are expressed in the table giving the value of i\ v \ F 
and V-^ZK 
ENGLACIAL DRIFT IN THE MISSISSIPPI BASIN. 
By Warren Upham, St. Paul, Minn. 
The hilly and mountainous eastern quarter of our conti- 
nent, comprising the Appalachian mountain belt and the plat- 
eau and northern mountains of Labrador, has nearly every- 
Avhere so prominent inequality of contour that the ice-sheet 
in its slow movement outward from its central areas of deepest 
accumulation may well be supposed to have gathered much 
drift into its lower part by erosion from the ridges and peaks 
which it enveloped, so that it would contain englacial drift 
up to altitudes far above the valleys and lowlands. In the 
same way the part of the ice-sheet lying on the yet more 
ruggedly mountainous Cordilleran belt must have borne along 
in its mass the eroded drift of the mountain sides and of all 
hill ranges which it covered. We are not surprised, therefore, 
to find in the drift formations of these partly hilly and partly 
mountainous regions abundant evidence that a great amount 
of drift was englacial at the time of the final melting of the 
ice-sheet. 
On the other hand, the broad central belt from Hudson 
bay and the Arctic sea southward through Manitoba and 
along all the axial region of the Mississippi basin has a pre- 
vailingly flat and only rarely and scantily hilly or mountainous 
surface, so that in that part of the drift-bearing area one might 
expect little or no drift to exist in the ice-sheet at any consider- 
able hight above its base. This supposition, however, would 
be mistaken, for in central Manitoba, at the esker called Inrd's 
hill, seven miles northeast of Winnipeg, my observations in 
1887 demonstrated that much drift was borne there in the ice 
moving over that flat country with no promint'nt mountains 
or hills in all the region of its accunnilation and outflow 
whence the ice-inclosed drift could be derived without being 
