100 The American Geologist. Febrnary, isoo 
it is distinctly weathered and resenil)les loess in color. In such 
cases, it failed to show effervescence when tested with acid. In 
the overlying gravel were niimerotis rotten pebbles and bowl- 
ders. The overlying till revealed few, if any, rotted bowlders. 
This break between the lower till and the upper till which is so 
distinctly marked at some points in the vicinity of Sioux Falls 
seems quite even and horizontal. In the city, tests with acid 
did not distinctly show difiference in age between the upper and 
lower tills. In general, effervescence was prompt. 
East of Canton, there was a similar difiference noted be- 
tween the upper till, which was quite stony, and the lower com- 
paratively pebbleless till, which presented similar character- 
istics to those noted northeast of Sioux Falls. Between these 
tills was a deposit of fine sand and interstratified silt. Traces of 
this same horizon were traced east of Beloit, Iowa, and west of 
Fairview, S. D. In the latter locality, the lower till was not 
distinctly traced. It may be remembered that Mr. I'jain, in his 
report on Woodbury county, Iowa, calls attention to the fine 
sand underneath the till at a high level northwest of Sioux City^ 
At that point, no till had been found underneath the sand. It 
is known at one or two places to rest immediately upon Creta- 
ceous beds. In that sand, which is excavated extensively for 
use in Sioux City, there were found teeth, which were deter- 
mined by Professor Cope to be Equus major. They would 
correspond in size, so far as can be judged, to the vertebra 
found near Sioux Falls, and it suggests in a striking way, that 
w^e may have here traces of the "Equus" or "Sheridan beds'" 
that have been observed extensively in western Nebraska and 
Kansas. It perhaps should be added that quite thick deposits 
of till with gravel occur at a lower level near the Missouri at 
Riverside park, and seem to be of recent date. 
///. Observations near Garrctson. — The same part}' also 
visited Garretson, northeast of Sioux Falls, not far from Pali- 
sades, S. D. That locality is especially interesting because of 
a small semi-driftless area adjacent. Along the railroad the 
cuts from Palisade to about two miles north of Garretson. 
failed to show anything like till, and loess was exposed several 
feet in depth resting upon the surface of red quartzyte- This 
red quartzyte is cut into ravines at least forty feet deep in 
places, but there is no trace of any mass of till, nor of striae on 
