Drift in Minneapolis, Minn. — Upham. 295 
boundary. Therefore they cannot be classed as marginal ac- 
cumulations, but must have been deposited by streams flowing 
from the ice. 
SERIES INCLDDING LOWRY HILL. 
From the intersection of Fourth avenue and Twenty-sev- 
enth street, a wide, undulating, and in part rather flat ridge, or 
single series of short ridges and hills, extends two miles and 
a half, in a curving course, toward the northwest and west. It 
varies from a quarter of a mile to a half mile in width, and 
rises only 15 to 25 feet above the plains adjoining its south 
side; but on the north it is bounded by a considerably lower 
tract of fine gravel and sand, 50 to 100 feet below the top of 
the ridge, and mostly 10 to 15 feet below the plains a little far- 
ther away at that side. The residence of Hon. William D. 
Washburn is situated on this ridge a half mile from its south- 
east end. A higher part, conuuonly called Lowry hill, rises 
close west of the residence of Hon. Thomas Lowry, where the 
series, near the middle of its length, is crossed at a low gap by 
Hennepin and Lyndale avenues. Westward, Mount Curve av- 
enue passes along its crest, the highest part being 935 to 938 
feet above the sea. Close northeast of Cedar lake, the series is 
interrupted by a second gap, which has been made or greatly 
enlarged by excavations for railway ballast, this being the 
route of the Minneapolis and St. Louis railway and of one of 
the lines of the Great Northern railway. About a quarter of 
a mile farther west, the high esker deposit rests against the 
border of a moraine belt of till, in which the highest hills 
scarcely overtop this gravel ridge. 
Masses of till in esker gravel. On the southeast side of 
the long railway excavation, at the distance of about a third of 
a mile from Cedar lake, I noted, in a freshly worked section, 
the interbedding of numerous masses of northwestern till in 
the gravel and sand of this esker, as shown in figure 1 1 , plate 
\ll. The till deposits varied from i to 4 feet in thickness, and 
from 10 to 20 feet in length, occurring along an extent of about 
100 feet, and within a vertical space of 5 or 6 feet, their height 
being about 20 to 25 feet above the railway and 25 feet below 
the top of the excavation. The till is of typical texture, a 
clayey matrix holding sand and small angular rock fragments 
