Ob.sercations on the Occurrence of Anthracife. — Gresleif. 19 
XII. Asiatic and Othkk Axthkacite Regions. 
In Asia Minor. Spratt refers to semi-bituminous coals asso- 
ciated witli shales, schists, sandstones and conglomerates of 
great thickness in a valle}^ between high ranges of hills, the 
coal beds lying in folds, etc. (See Q. J. G. S., vol. 80, p. 524.) 
The Singareni coal field, Hyderabad, India, (according to 
Mr. J. P. Kirkup) reposes in a basin or valley suri'ounded by 
metamorphic schists, etc. Its coal beds are bituminous to- 
wards the surface and semi-bituminous in depth. They are 
interstratilied with sandstones and exhibit the usual faulting 
and bending up against tlie has;il rocks, which are greatly 
eroded. 
In Annam. at Nong-son, P. de Bure mentions coal of an- 
thracite nature embedded in slaty sandstones, and having oO^' 
inclination. 
In India, in Sikkim, very coarse-grained ('oal Measures oc- 
cur, carrying seams of anthracite coal. The beds are much 
tilted and the region is adjacent to the Himalayas. 
Again in China, good anthracite is reported to occur in the 
hill country not far from the sea coast. The seams are highly 
inclined and, as followed upwards in order of formation, are 
found to grade into semi-bituminous and strictly bituminous 
coals. 
In New South Wales tiiere are said to be about 11.000 feet 
of Coal Measures in the whole coal system. In the Lower 
Coal Measures (Greta series) semi-bituminous coal beds occur 
and conglomerates are by no means unknown. 
In Tasmania we read '*the sandstone cropped out with the 
coal at Port Arthur." "The first coal wrought in Tasmania 
was the anthracite of Port Arthur." 
In Japan anthracite coals are stated to occur. 
Alaska, Vancouver and Queen Charlotte islands are also 
reported to possess beds of fine anthracite. 
XIII. Conclusion. 
In regard to the hot water theory, it should he said that 
lii<ili heat was not necessary to convert bituminous coal into 
anthracite (Le Conte). Probably 300^' to 40()^'F. would suf- 
fice to make the change. Daubree found thitt when the waters 
of conversion were alkaline, it took h-ss heat to accomplish 
metamori)hosis ; in other woi'ds. alkali or niiiu-rjil watci-s .lid 
