44 The American Geologist. July, 1896 
compare favorably with other coals of the Missipsippi valley and Ohio. 
The higher the geological position of the coals in this state the poorer 
is the grade. The future of th(> Kansas coal industry is very promising, 
for the drill has revealed valuable deposits below the surface. An his- 
torical account of the development of oil and gas is given. The area of 
the present territory is 8,500 square miles, located in the southeastern 
portion of the state. The source is in the Coal Measures and the most 
productive sands are in the Cherokee shales. The origin is thought to 
be vegetable and there seems to be little if any relation between location 
of anticlines with accumulation of oil and gas. These products are 
more uniformly disseminated in Kansas than in any other teri-itory yet 
developed in America. 
The surface gravels of the Carboniferous series are tiint, often fossil- 
iferovis. They have a wide distribution and occur in beds of consider- 
able thickness. These gravels have in all probability originated from 
weathering of the limstones, which contain chert in very considerable 
amount. They have not been transported any great distance and so 
were not connected with glacial floods. 
The final chapter is by John Bennett, giving a preliminary catalogue 
of the invertebrate paleontology of Kansas Carboniferous, arranged 
with reference to biologic aspect and also according to counties. 26.3 
species are enumerated. The richest stratum is the oolitic of Wyan- 
dotte county with over 100 species. 
By the publication of reports of the high character of the present one 
Kansas joins the front rank occupied by the various state surveys of the 
Mississippi valley. This report may be obtained from the survey office 
at Lawrence by sending 22 cents for postage. o. p. g. 
Ice-work, Prefient and Past. By T. G. Bonnev, Professor of Geolog)^ 
at University College, London. Pages xiv, 295, with numerous maps, 
sections, and illustrations from photographs. (New York, D. Appleton 
& Co., 1896. Vol. Lxxiv of the International Scientific Series.) The 
author began his observations of glaciers and study of drift formations 
forty years ago, and he now reviews the extent of present knowledge of 
the action of alpine glaciers and of the ice-sheets of Alaska, Greenland, 
and the Antarctic continent, with application of the principles there 
discovered to decide upon the claims of opposing theories in explanation 
of the origin of the European and North American Pleistocene glacial 
drift. Like the Canadian geologists. Sir William and Dr. George M. 
Dawson, this English geologist, and, as he assures us, many others in 
England and Ireland, fail to accept the conclusions of Prof. James 
Geikie and other Scottish glacialists, and of nearly all who have studied 
the glacial drift in the United States, that throughout all the drift- 
bearing areas of both continents vast sheets of land ice and the fresh 
waters from its melting, without important aid from any marine sub- 
mergence and floating ice, sufficed to produce all the varied drift de- 
posits. In the British Isles, as in the valley of the St. Lawrence, the 
local aspects of the drift, and in the latter district the well recognized 
