Geology of Mattawa and Otlatra Valleii^. — Tuijlor. Ill 
the upper one was traced a short distance south of the road. 
The surface of the lield above the upper bench shows no 
benches, but only a number of rain gulleys. From the top of 
the field, (at about 1,335 feet) the view over the valley showed 
that several hill tops two or three miles away formed a con- 
siderable protection againt the open sweep of waves from over 
lake Nipissing. A level terrace line could be seen between two 
of these hills apparently at the same level as the benches just 
described. Half a mile farther east the road ends on a hill 
top. From this point one looks down on a hilly landscape of 
forest and field, the latter strewn with many large bowlders. 
In the road on the hill top there is one 15 feet long, 12 feet 
wide and projecting 10 feet above the ground. The altitude 
is here about 1,405 feet. No sign of submergence was seen 
above the terraces described. 
Two miles north of Trout creek on the Pawassan road this 
beach was found again at about 1,220 feet. The position here 
is more exposed and the beach is correspondingly stronger in 
its development. It is a great curved spit of gravel about 100 
or 500 feet long. It is mostly on Mr. Weiler'sland in the field 
which fills the corner southeast of the cross roads. In the 
next lot east a gravelly hill of drift rises about 25 feet above 
the top of the spit. From the top of this hill lake Nipissing 
can be seen plainly. The waves had torn away the north side 
of this hill, making a sharp cut at the water line and leaving 
a very steep slope above. From this the gravel and sand were 
carried toward the southwest into shallow water and built 
into a wide spit which curves slightly southward. The soil 
on the spit is remarkably light. It is composed of fine gravel 
and sand, with a light loess-like material, and is very soft 
under foot. The hill was evidently a small island at the time 
of the beach. A mile to the east in a more protected place 
the knobs of gneiss had apparently been washed bare of their 
thin coating of drift at about the same level. All the hill toi)s 
for several miles around were islands. Some of these ex- 
tended two or three miles farther northward. 
Callender (C. P. li.). From this place a drive was made 
out the Pawassan road to a hill some six miles south-south- 
east. For two or three miles, and up to about 250 feet above 
the station, the country surface is largely silt and silty clav 
