188 21ie American Geologist. September, 1896 
the southern part of this belt, it is i)robaV)le that Pensauken Ijeds are 
thinly spread on the surface, or that they underlie the shallow James- 
burg sand deposits, thi-oughout all southeastern New Jersey. 
Mr. Westgate, from his careful mapping of the metamorphic gneiss 
and limestone belts of Jenny Jump mountain, concludes that the white 
crystalline limestones there found are distinct from and older than the 
blue crystalline limestone, of Cambrian age, which occurs along the 
northwestern side of the New Jersey Highlands. This is the view which 
has been generally held, but it has been called in question by Mr.F. L. 
Nason and others, with arguments for the derivation of the white lime- 
stones from the blue through metamorphism. vf. u. 
Evidences of Glacial Action in Australia in Permo-Carboniferous 
Time. By' T. W. Edueworth David, Professor of Geology in the Uni- 
versity of Sydney. (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, London, vol. lii, pp. 289- 
301, read Feb. 5, 1896, with sections and a figure of a glaciated boulder, 
reduced from a photograph.) This paper reviews the work done by pre- 
vious observers in tracing the extent of the Permo-Carboniferous gla- 
cial deposits of Australia and Tasmania, and, after stating the latest ob- 
servations by the author, correlates these deposits with the similar and 
at least approximately contemporaneous glacial formations of southern 
Africa and India. It is also noted that possibly the lands now repre- 
sented by Sovith America were likewise glaciated at the same time, ac- 
cording to discoveries by Derby in southern Brazil. In the Am. Geol- 
ogist for May, 1889 (vol. in. pp. 299-330), an excellent discussion of this 
Late Carboniferous or Permian glacial period was given by David White, 
with discussion of the relations of the Glossopteris flora. Like the 
Quaternary glacial period, that near the end of the Paleozoic era seems 
to have prevailed in both the northern and southern circumpolar regions, 
if, as seems most probable, the ancient glaciated rocks found by Dr. 
Eeusch (Am. Geologist, vol. vii, p. 388; June, 1891), on the Varanger 
fjord, in northern Norway, are of the same age. 
The Australian glacial beds originally had a great areal extent, and 
at Bacchus Marsh, in Victoria, they present a thickness of about 2,000 
feet, belonging to a succession of many glacial and interglacial stages. 
Nine or ten distinct boulder-bearing horizons are there separated one 
from another by thick deposits of sandstone and conglomerate. Another 
district, in New South Wales, displays " a group of coal measures, over 
230 feet thick, and comprising from 20 to 40 feet in thickness of coal," 
between two horizons of marine beds enclosing ice-borne boulders. In 
the several districts where striated rock-pavements are found, showing 
the direction of the drift transportation, it was from south to north. 
The plentiful occurrence of striated boulders leaves no doubt that they 
were supplied by glaciers or ice-sheets. w. r. 
The Straining of the Earth under Secular Cooling. By C. Davison. 
<Phil. Mag., Feb'y, 1896.) In this article, which is substantially anew 
edition of the same author's paper read before the Royal Society in 
Feb'y, 1894, Mr. Davison gives his latest deduction on the subject of 
