Affe of the California Coast Banges. — Fairbanks. 277 
first advanced in 1892, that the first great upheaval of the 
Coast ranges to form a system of mountains having propor- 
tions anything like those of the present day was synchronous 
with the post-Jurassic upheaval in the Sierra Nevadas and 
Klamath mountains. 
The source of the sediments constituting this series was, in 
the central Coast ranges at least, the pre-existing granite 
axis. Along the coastal slope of the Santa Lucia mountains 
in Monterey county conglomerates outcrop at the base for a 
distance of nearly eight miles. Recent observations have 
shown that similar beds occur along the Sur river. At Point 
San Pedro and on the north side of Montara mountain, as 
first described by Lawson* and Ashley,f is a series of rocks 
which in the writer's opinion are of the same age as those in 
Monterey count3^ The latter also rest against the granite 
with a basal conglomerate. A large part of the boulders and 
pebbles of all three occurrences are derived from the rocks on 
which they rest. These facts are sufficient to establish the 
existence of a pre-Jurassic land area in the region under dis- 
cussion. 
Lower Cretaceous. The Knoxville beds have been detected 
in the Coast ranges from Santa Barbara county on the south 
to Tehama on the north. They rest unconformably on the 
older and more metamorphosed Golden Gate series, which in 
marked contrast has undergone much more violent disturb- 
ances, so that its structure is in many cases most difficult of 
elucidation. The writer feels assured that the reality of this 
non-conformity cannot be doubted by any one who Mali take 
the pains to examine the relation shown in different areas 
ju'eviously described, or in fact in Q.\\y section of the Coast 
ranges where the two series of beds come in contact. 
Accepting the present classification of the Cretaceous, the 
Golden Gate series belongs in the Jurassic and probabl}^ in its 
upper portion. Before the deposition of the Knoxville it had 
been lifted above water and subjected to erosion through th6 
whole area of the Coast ranges. So complex have been th^ 
movements in this region that it is rather difticult to form an 
idea of the geography' during the Knoxville period. Th^ 
*American Geologist, vol. xv, June, 1895. 
tJournal of Geology, vol. iii, p. 435. 
