liei'iew of llecent Geological Literature. 815 
eration of the author and "in colhibovation with numerous epecialists" 
most of whom are Americans, lie has undertaken to bring the text- 
book into harmony with the hitest knowledge of specialists in all de- 
partments of the many-sided science of palaeontology. 
Since the publication of the German edition of the text-book in 1880 
palasontology in common with all other sciences has made great pro- 
gress. Brady's report on Foraminifera has appeared; Nicholson has 
completed his monograph on the stromatoporoids: our knowledge of 
the morphology and taxonomy of crinoids has been enlarged by the la 
bors of Carpenter and Bather, and by the epoch-making work of 
Wachsmuth and Springer; the publication of the results of investiga- 
tions on the Echinoidea by Duncan, Clark and others, has made it pos- 
sible to recast the classification of that group of organisms: Ulrich has 
pi-actically created the paleontology of theBryozoa: and Beecher, Schu- 
bert, Hall and Clark have made it necessary to discard to a large ex- 
tent the old taxonomic divisions of the Brachiopoda. 
The part before us ends practically with the Brachiopoda. There 
are a few pages — 344 to 352 inclusive — devoted to a general discussion 
of the Mollusca and of the class Pelecypoda, but the whole subject of 
classification of the Mollusca is reserved for the second jjart of volume I. 
The difference in the treatment of the several groups of fossil animals 
in the translation and revision, as compared with the original edition, 
becomes apparent at the very beginning of the volume. The classifi- 
cation of the Foraminifera has been completely recast. In place of the 
sub-orders Imperforata and Perforata of Carpenter, the classification 
follows Schwager in dividing the Foraminifera into the four groups 
Chitinosa, Agglutinantia, Porcellanea. and Vitro-calcai-ea. The distri- 
bution of the genera in families follows somewhat closely the arrange- 
ment adopted by Brady. The much discussed Eozoon is relegated to 
the category of "mineral segregations." 
In the group of sponges the de])arture from the arrangement of gene- 
ra and families' in the original work is scarcely less marked than in the 
Foraminifera. The studies of Hinde and Ulrich, but more than all the 
classic work of the author, since 188'J, have placed the knowledge of the 
structure and relationships of fossil sponges upon a more satisfactory 
basis. None of the j^reviously puVjlished systems of classification, how- 
ever, has been followed in all details in the present work. 
Notwithstanding all that has been written on the systematic relations 
of the Paleozoic; corals, the classification of this assemblage of organ- 
isms still remains in a very unsatisfactory condition. The old group of 
tabulate corals is probably in worse state than any of the rest. It has 
been broken up by various authors and distributed among different 
divisions of the Alcyonaria, Hexacoralla and the Bryozoa. In the 
Ijresent work the separated members of the group are re-asseiubled and 
treated in an appendix to the Hexacoralla. Favosites. Halysites, Sy 
ringoyjora, Aulopora and even Chaetetes and Fistulipora, here .stand 
once more in their old friendly relations. This statement, however, 
requires some modification. It is true (miy so far as relates to the por 
