356 The American Geologist. December, i896 
Knoxville and separated from it by the same marked non- 
con i"orinit_y so conspicuous in other parts of the ("oast ranges. 
During this trip to mount Diai)lo with Mr. F. M. Anderson 
the hitter discovered the first fossils reported from the " met- 
amorphic rocks" of this locality. 
Owing to the failure of the fauna and flora 3'et found in the 
Golden Gate series to throw any certain light upon the ques- 
tion as to whether it is Cretaceous or Jurassic, it seems that 
the main dependence will have to be placed on stratigraphy. 
The fossils indicate that it is very probably not older than 
the upper Jurassic, while the recognition of the important 
non-conformity separating it from the Knoxville, either throws 
the series into the Jurassic or necessitates the reconstruction 
of the Cretaceous. 
THE GALENA AND MAQUOKETA SERIES. 
By F. W. Sardeson, Minneapolis, Minnesota. 
Part I. 
The names Galena series and Maquoketa series are used 
here to designate the geologic formations that have been 
called Trenton group and Hudson River group in the states 
of Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin and Illinois. The same are 
nearly the equivalent formations to the typical Trenton and 
Hudson (Hudson River) groups or series of New York. 
The aim in using this local terminology instead of the 
names Trenton and Hudson is to obviate introducing the 
question of exact relationship with the type series of New 
York, and to enable the Galena (Trenton) and Maquoketa 
(Hudson) series to be thereby more easily correlated, the one 
exposure with another, within their respective areas. It will 
be easier to define the probable application of the names 
Trenton series and Hudson series after having defined the 
Galena and the Maquoketa series than before it. As it now 
is, the terms Trenton and Hudson are not constant in each of 
the states within the area in question, but include now more 
and now less, and this inconsistent fluctuation in value is so 
great as to seemingl}^ prove that the true correlation with the 
type formations has not yet been accomplished. Under such 
circumstances it seems to the writer most advisable to use 
