376 The American Geologist. December, 189G 
valley. Just how much of Ohio river history dates from this 
interglacial origin, it is yet impossible to determine, but the 
character of the topography along the river, everywhere be- 
tween Rochester, Pa., and C-incinnati. O., (below which the 
writer has not studied it), would lead to the conclusion that 
all tills portion of the river is new, and that the conclusionsof 
Prof. Tight, of Denison University, Granville, O., are well 
maintained, viz : that in pre-glacial times the waters of the 
Muskingum, Scioto, and other rivers of Ohio, all flowed north- 
ward into the lake Erie system. 
This being true, it would follow as a corollary that all of the 
West Virginia rivers which rise on the western slope of the 
Allegheny mountain-divide, including the Little and Big Ka- 
nawhas, and the Big Sandy, must have once gone northward 
in pre-glacial times and joined the Scioto, Muskingum, and 
other Ohio streams in their northward course, right athwart 
the present valley of the Ohio, but on a plane probably 200 to 
300 feet above the present rock floor of the Ohio. The search 
for these former high level valleys north from the Ohio, as 
bisected by it, is reserved for a future chapter, and it is pos- 
sible that therein may be found an explanation of the old 
and abandoned high level Teazes valley, which does not admit 
of the explanation suggested by Prof. William M. Davis, in a 
recent number of "Science," viz: stream piracy of Coal river 
by the Great Kanawha, because tiie old valley in question 
is tilled with transported boulders and gravel that could have 
come only from the crystalline rocks of the Blue Eidge in Vir- 
ginia, and hence the Kanawha itself must once have flowed 
along Teazes valley, and been captured by another stream 
which led it northward to the newly cut Ohio valley, at Point 
Pleasant. 
If the conclusions here inferred could be fully sustained by 
further study of the Ohio river system, it will be readily per- 
ceived that a pre-glacial drainage map of Pennsylvania. Ohio. 
West Virginia, and Kentucky would bear very little resemblance 
to a map of the present drainage, for if the Monongahela, 
Lower and Upper Allegheny once went northward into the 
lake Erie basin, there can be no doubt that the Upper Susque- 
hanna also took this northward route to the sea, in pre-gla- 
cial times, and that much of its present course through Penn- 
