386 The American Geologist. December, 1896 
America, are divided between the Glacial epoch and the Chaniplain 
epoch. The elevation is said to have been from 1,000 to 3,000 feet above 
the present hight. Durincf the Chamijlain epoch there was a down- 
ward motion of the same regions until the sea stood 500 to 1,000 feet 
above its present position. These movements and their effects on the 
lakes and rivers, as well as on the drift deposits, are skillfully grouped. 
The author allows for two advances of the ice, with a long interglacial 
epoch, and shows the differences between this history in eastern North 
America and the same on the Pacific side. On this sul)joct the author's 
presentation shows a familiarity with the latest literature. With the 
exception, perhaps, of the descriptions of the animal life of the Tertiary, 
this chapter is the most satisfactory of the volume. 
The whole work is built on the theory of evolution, organic and inor- 
ganic, and goes so far as to accept, with some caution. Pithecanthropus 
erectus as the veritable " missing link" between man and the apes. 
The work well fills the place it is proposed to fill, viz., intermediate 
between a manual filled with details, suitable for reference by the in- 
vestigator, and an elementary treatise. This middle ground is where 
are found most of the students of geology in America. n. h. w. 
Geological Survey of Canada, Annual Report (new series), volume 
VII, 18i}i. G. M. Dawson, Director. Pages 120C, with eleven maps, 
and fifteen plates and diagrams. (Ottawa, 1896. Price, $1.50.) This 
volume consists of eight reports, separately paged and designated suc- 
cessively by the letters A, B, C, F, J, M, R, and S. The first report, a 
summary of the work of the survey during 1891, and the second, a re- 
port on the area of the Kamloops map-sheet, in British Columbia, both 
by the director, have been noticed, respectively, in the American Ge- 
ologist for September, 1895, and May, 1896 ; and the sixth, by Robert 
Chalmers, on the surface geology of an area including parts of New 
Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward island, was reviewed in 
this magazine for last July. 
Report C, by R. G. McConnell, on an exploration of the Finlay and 
Omenica rivers, head streams of the Peace river, comprises 40 pages, 
with two plates and a sketch map. The rocks of this district, in ascend- 
ing stratigraphic order, are Archean gneisses and schists named the 
Shuswap series; slates, quartzites, and conglomerates, probably refer- 
able to the Lower and Middle Cambrian, having a thickness of about 
1,000 feet; a great limestone formation, corresponding to the Castle 
Mountain group of the Bow River section; the higher Banff limestones 
of Devonian and Carboniferous age: volcanic schists, probably Upper 
Paleozoic; shales and limestone, shown by fossils to be Triassic; con- 
glomerate and sandstones, probably Cretaceous; Ui)per Laramie con- 
glomerates, shales, and sandstones, containing plant remains; and Gla- 
cial deposits of boulder-clay, gravels, sands, and silts. Gold was first 
discovered in these drift gravels in 1862, and the yield of the scanty 
placer mining to the present time has probably exceeded a million 
dollars. 
