18 
PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW-YORJC, 
FOSSIL PLANTS OF THE CLINTON GROUP. 
It has been the practice to refer to vegetable origin all those fossil bodies of the older strata, 
which have, in their general aspect, their habit or mode of growth, some similarity to plants ; 
and in which no organic structure can be detected, beyond, sometimes, the external markings. 
These have been regarded as belonging to marine vegetation like the Fuci of the modern ocean, 
and which from their nature could leave only impressions of their external form, or the outline 
of this form replaced by stony matter. In this mode of treating the subject, it is not improbable 
that some bodies wholly inorganic have been included under plants ; while others, likewise 
ihcluded, may have been the polypidoms of some of the lower orders of zoophytes, such as 
Alcyonidia , sponges or the like, which, requiring a small amount of calcareous matter, may 
have lived in conditions where the calcareous zoophytes could not have existed. In the present 
state of our knowledge and means of determination, it is in fact impossible to decide to which 
of these classes some of these bodies belong. We are not yet fully aware of the nature and 
character of the fauna and flora of the period, nor of the impressions they were capable of 
leaving in the soft mud and sands forming the bed of the ocean in which they lived. In the 
mean time, to neglect them altogether would be manifestly wrong ; since many of them are 
conspicuous, and already well known ; and since it is only by attracting attention to the obscure 
and unknown, that we can hope to learn its true nature. I have accordingly given figures of 
such of these bodies as possessed peculiar characters, though not having positively determined 
whether they belong to plants or zoophytes, and some even perhaps of inorganic origin. 
401. 6. BUTHOTREPHIS GRACILIS. 
Pl. V. Fig. 1 a, b, c, d. 
Fucoides gracilis. Report 4th Geol. Dist. New-York, 1843, pag. 69, fig. 
Not B. gracilis, Pal. N. York, Vol. i, pag. 62, pl. 21, fig. 1. The species of the Clinton group will 
retain this name by precedence, and that of the Trenton limestone may be changed to B. tenuis. 
Plant slender, branching ; branches numerous, often crowded, irregularly diverging, some¬ 
times with acute terminations ; entire plant slender and fragile. 
The specimens of this plant, which may be fragments only of a larger one, present a main 
or principal stipe, with numerous radiating and bifurcating branches which are often a second 
time branched. Scarcely any two specimens are alike, and it is difficult to fix upon characters 
which shall be decisive of specific distinction. This and the following species occur in the thin 
fine-grained layers of shaly sandstone spread out on the surface of the thin laminae. 
Fig. 1 a. A small delicate specimen of this species. The engraving represents the branches 
rather too slender and acute. 
Fig. 1 b. An elongated stipe with numerous branches. 
Fig. 1 c. A fragment with several branches which are again subdivided. 
Fig. 1 d. A large individual having fewer branches in proportion to its size, than the preceding, 
and approximating in character to the succeeding forms. 
