138 
PALAEONTOLOGY OF NEW-YORK. 
stems penetrating the rock, arranged in close proximity and parallel to each other. The 
ends of the tubes are thus presented in polished specimens, where no structure is visible. In 
the softer limestone the rock often weathers away, leaving the coral well preserved, and ex¬ 
hibiting in a beautiful manner its peculiar structure. In worn specimens the projecting lip on 
the lower side of the mouth is worn away, and the openings present scarcely any difference 
from Chactetes and Favosites. A vertical section shows the radiating and diverging angular 
tubes; but in those which are very perfectly preserved, there are no traces of septa. 
Sometimes upon the margin of one of these masses of parallel stems, there are some indi¬ 
viduals having a more widely bifurcating character, while the stems have a stronger aspect, 
and present a considerable variety of appearance ; but in general the stems are not only parallel, 
but nearly of the same diameter throughout. 
Fig. 1 a. A small group of the parallel stems of this coral, closely arranged. 
Fig. 1 b. A similar group in limestone, where the stems are less closely arranged. In this speci¬ 
men one or two of the stems are bifurcating. 
Fig. 1 c. An enlarged stem, showing the form and character of the cells. 
Fig, 1 d. A portion of the surface, showing the apertures where the stem is worn. 
Fig. 1 e. A vertical section of several stems, where the cells are open. 
Fig. 1 /. A single one enlarged. 
Fig. 1 g. The ends of several cells where the tubes are open. 
Fig. 1 h. A single one enlarged, showing a transverse section of the tubes, the inner or nearest 
the axis being smaller than the outer ones, indicating the increase in size towards 
the surface. 
Fig. 1 i. A polished specimen of limestone, showing the solid ends of the stems of this coral. 
Fig. 1 k. A figure of a branch, upon the outer margin of a group of parallel stems. 
Fig. 1 l, m. Small separate stems showing modes of branching. 
Position and locality. This species occurs in the limestone in nearly all localities examined 
in the State, but it is more abundant and better preserved at Lockport than elsewhere. It 
appears to bn more particularly limited to the lower part of the limestone, and is very rarely 
seen in the shale. ( State Collection.) 
525. 2. CLADOPORA CESPITOSA (n. sp.). 
Pl. XXXVIII. Fig. 2 a, b, c. 
Stems glomerate or csespitose, closely aggregated about the root, frequently branching and 
rapidly diverging above ; stems cylindrical, composed of subangular tubes radiatin g from the 
centre, and opening upon the surface in roundish oval mouths. 
I have been unable to see this species, except in a somewhat worn condition ; and therefore 
the form of the cell apertures upon the surface, in their natural state, can not be determined. 
It is clearly allied to the preceding species ; but the branches are larger, the form of the worn 
opening is different, and the mode of growth and habit of the coral are entirely unlike the last. 
