coralline limestone* 
323 
680. 1. COLUMNARIA INEQUALIS (». sp.). 
Pl. LXXII. Fig. 3 a, b, and 4 a, b, c. 
Coral in hemispheric or irregular masses composed of angular (5 or 6-sided) tubes, which 
open on the surface in a cell more or less deep ; rays twenty to thirty; lamellse apparently 
equal, often undulating; interspaces showing numerous connecting plates; lamellae uniting in 
the centre without any apparent axis ; full grown terminal cups often very deep, with numerous 
young ones interpolated; structure prismatic, walls of cells separable, outer surface deeply 
striated ; vertical section showing an exterior cellular structure, the interior showing lamellae 
diverging upwards and outwards. 
This coral presents so many characters in common with the specimens of Columnaria 
figured and described by Goldfuss and Lonsdale, that I can not hesitate to refer it to this 
genus, though not possessing fully the characters given by Prof. Dana. In the specimens 
examined the masses have not attained any large size, though one or iwo of them may have 
been five or six inches in diameter. The cells opening upon the surface are very unequal in 
size, a large number being those of small or young polyps which appear to be interposed be¬ 
tween the walls of contiguous cells. The full grown cells are distinctly angular, of five, six or 
seven unequal sides; while the young cells are often triangular, and sometimes distinctly oval, 
the walls being usually more or less curved. Solid specimens sometimes separate in prisms, 
the exterior walls of which are deeply striated or fluted, arising from the arched union of con¬ 
tiguous lamelbe; thus leaving the more prominent parts of the surface representing the spaces 
between the lamellae, while the narrow indentation represents the place of the lamella. When 
the exterior surface is weathered, it presents a cellular structure, from the intersection of the 
lamellae and connecting dissepiments, as in fig. 4 b. When the columns are still farther 
weathered, this external cellular portion is sometimes worn away, and the interior portion 
alone remains, as in fig. 4 c, the natural position of which is reversed. 
Fig. 3 a. A part of the surface of a small irregular mass, showing fewer young cells than is usual. 
Fig. 3 b. Several of the same enlarged. 
The elevated point in the centre gives a wrong impression as to the character of 
the cup. Such elevated points, where they do exist, are apparently accidental or 
unnatural. The transverse dissepiments connecting the lamellie are not well shown 
in these figures. 
Fig. 4 a. A portion of a specimen, showing the prismatic structure of the coral. 
Fig. 4 A A weathfered portion enlarged, showing the cellular exterior structure. 
Fig. 4 c. A reversed figure, the lower extremities of several columns enlarged, showing the 
mode of weathering, and the structure after the removal of the exterior cellular area. 
Position and locality. In the Coralline limestone at Schoharie. 
(Collection of John Gebhard junior.) 
[Paleontology — Vol. ii.] 
41 
