The Kame- Moraine at Rochester, X. Y. — FairchiUl. 45 
supposing them to have been built up from several centers of 
accumulation by shifting torrential streams pouring over a 
changing ice front. 
MoKAiNic Character and Kelationshif. 
The topography of the whole range is decidedly morainic. 
Of this there can be no doubt. The origin of the range as a 
frontal moraine requires, however, its continuance both east 
and west, and the evidence of such continuation is abundantly 
at han<l. Eastward froi^i Brighton the ice front has left its 
marks in the form of boulder-fields and low ridges and mounds 
of till and sand, until intercepted by the deep excavation and 
drainage of Irondequoit hixy. East of Irondequoit bay con- 
spicuous boulder-fields of huge Niagara blocks, piled in great 
masses, mark the further eastward extension of the ice front. 
West of the Genesee river for two miles the moraine is plainly 
continued in knolls and ridges of till, as noted by Mr. Upham. 
The further extension of the moraine westward was first dis- 
covered by Mr. Frank Leverett, in 1893. He traced it as a 
low but distinct frontal moraine from near Albion and Brock- 
port southeastward to the Genesee river opposite Mount Hope 
cemeter}'. Reljnng, however, upon Mr. Upham's theory that 
the Pinnacle range was an esker, formed at right angles to 
the ice front, Mr. Leverett sought for the continuation of the 
moraine in a low, broad, indefinite ridge of till, running south- 
ward from Mt. Hope, which is probably drumlinoid. The 
distinct curvature of the Pinnacle range is now seen to be of 
great significance, as it forms part of the arc described by the 
front of the glacier lobe. The accompanying map (Plate III) 
shows the moraine west of the Genesee river and its continu- 
ation in the same curvature as the kame series of the Pinnacle 
hills. As remarked above, the amount of till in the hills 
would probablj^ be sufficient in itself to mark a distinct con- 
tinuation of the undoubted moraine. 
The glaciated surface of the Niagara limestone beneath 
Rochester is found to have over the main and older strife, 
with their direction of S. 40'^-60°W., another lighter and later 
striation, hardly more than a polishing, with direction per- 
pendicular to the arc of the moraine. West of the Genesee 
river the last ice movement was S. S^'-IS^W., as shown in sev- 
