102 The American Geologist. Augu.^t, 1895. 
According to the law of priority, the names of the Kansan, 
lowan, and Wisconsin formations and stages should also be 
applied to these European divisions of the Glacial series, for 
the studies of Geikie and Ghamberlin show them to be in all 
probability correlative and contemporaneous. Plates V and 
VI therefore employ these names for both our own continent 
and Europe, giving the boundaries of these formations as 
mapped in "The Great Ice Age," and adding for the northeast- 
ern United States and Canada the Warren, Toronto, Iroquois, 
and St. Lawrence stages in the glacial recession, nearly as in- 
dicated in the writer's recent article on the glacial representa- 
tives of the Laurentian lakes and on the Late Glacial or Cham- 
plain subsidence and re-elevation of the St. Lawrence river 
basin.* 
Dilfering much from the opinions of Geikie, and less widely 
from those of Chamberlin, concerning the importance, magni- 
tude, and duration of the interglacial stages, but agreeing 
with Dana, Hitchcock, Wright, Kendall, Falsan, Hoist, Niki- 
tin, and others, in regarding the Ice age as continuous, with 
fluctuations but not complete departure of the ice-sheets, my 
view of the history of the Glacial period, comprising the Gla- 
cial epoch of ice accumulation and the Champlain epoeh of 
ice departure, may be concisely presented in the following 
somewhat tabular forni.| Tlie order is that of the advancing 
sequence in time, opposite to the downward stratigraphic order 
of the glacial, fluvial, lacustrine, and marine deposits. 
Epochs and Stages of the Glacial Period. 
/. The Glacial Epoch. 
I. The culmination of the Lafayette epeirogenic up- 
lift, aifecting both North America and Europe, raised the 
glaciated areas to so high altitudes that they received snow 
throughout the year and became deeply ice-enveloped. Val- 
leys and fjords show that this elevation w^as 1,000 to 4,000 
feet above the present hight. 
Rudely chipped stone implements and human bones in the 
plateau gravels of southern England, 90 feet and higher above 
*Am. Jour. Sci., Ill, vol. xlix, pp. 1-18, with map, Jan., 1895. 
t A partial outline of this correlation of North American and European 
glacial and interglacial stages was first published in the American Nat- 
uralist, vol. XXIX, pp. 2.35-211, March, 1895. 
