248 The American Geologist. October, 1895 
Gotharii\'i Cave; or Fractured Bocks in northern Vermont. C. H. 
Hitchcock, Hanover, N. H. This cave, or rather series of caves, situ- 
ated on the west side of Norris hill in Maidstone, Vt., extends about 1,- 
000 feet u]j and down the slope of the hill in a nearly easterly and wes- 
terly direction. It lies in mica schist and comprises really three distinct 
caverns, marking- the course of a fracture or series of fractures which 
resulted from sudden movements of the earth's crust under the stress of 
lateral pressure. The caverns probably extend farther and deeper than 
they have been explored. Many of the passages are closed by fragment - 
al rocks: fissures are numerous and extend in many directions. Several 
of the chambers may be regarded as cross-fractures, the general appear- 
ance of which would seem to indicate that they originated at the same 
time and in the same manner. In almost every case the walls of the pas- 
sages are found to match nearly, but the south side is in variably a foot 
or more lower than the north wall. In the third chamber ice and snow 
may be found in the summer months. This is one of the largest caverns, 
being 16 by 20 feet, and 15 feet deep. From some of these passages 
blasts of air that will blow out a candle flame are constantly issuing- 
Recent Discoi^ery of the Occurrence of nicirine Cretaceous strata on 
Long Is/and. By Arthur Hollick, New Brighton, N. Y. The marine 
marl beds of the Cretaceous in New Jersey are traced on the north 
shore of Long Island, and thence perhaps they continue northeasterly 
as far as Marshfield, Mass., having a course essentially parallel with the 
general margin of the continent in that region. 
Geological Canals between the Atlantic and. Pacific oceans. J. W. 
Spencer, Washington. D. C. In crossing the isthmus of Tehuantepec, 
the first 100 miles south from the gulf of Campeche are found to be a 
plain which rises slightly toward the interior. Then come 25 miles of 
mountain land, followed by 25 miles more of plain land to the Pacific 
ocean. The mountain belt is interrupted by two main depressions, 
through one of which Captain Eads proposed to build a ship railway. 
The speaker thovight that this country has been and is lieing slowly 
raised from a marine submergence which reached through these depres- 
sions, forming gravel beds there similar to those of valleys in the northern 
drift-bearing part of the United States. The surface fishes of the gulf 
of Mexico are the same or nearly allied with those of the Pacific in the 
gulf of Tehuantepec: but the deep sea forms differ on the opposite sides 
of the isthmus. 
Geological Notes on tJie Isles of Shoals. H. C. Hovey. Newl)uryport, 
Mass. Five of these islands belong to Maine and four to New Hamp- 
shire. Appledore island contains about 350 acres, and the others are 
smaller. There are proofs that Star. Malaga and Haley islands, at least, 
were at one time rapidly elevated. Neptune's Punchbowls, so-called, 
were washed out by the tide daily, but are now eight feet above the 
tides. The rocks are granite, gneiss and mica schist, with frequent trap 
dikes. In many places the dikes, being more readily decomposed than 
the granite through which they extend, have l^een washed away by the 
