H iflh Level iJejiasils of Kenfiickn Jlirers. — J/il/cr. 'IHI 
strongly resembles a fine-grained sandstone. It shows the 
even bedding of the building stone and also the same absence 
of cavities. This and the heavily bedded dolomite underlying 
the transition layer at Faj^ette are believed to be the equiva- 
lent of the building stone above described. 
The total thickness of these beds according to these esti- 
mates would be 200 to 280 feet. Deep wells show a thickness 
at Cedar Rapids* of 285 feet; at Tipton, 325 feet; at Daveii- 
port, 320 feet; at Ottumwa, 150 feet; at Ackley, 1J5 feet : at 
Vinton, 100 feet. At Monticello the well begins in the u[)i)er 
■Coralline beds and the thickness of the Upper Silurian is 185 
feet. At Manchester also the well begins in the upper Coral- 
line beds and shows about the same depth to the Maquoketa 
shales. At Hopkinton a well beginning at the top of the Pen- 
tamerus beds shows a depth of 160 feet to the shales. 
The characters given here for these five divisions are be- 
lieved to be sufficient for identifying the respective beds in 
this portion of Iowa; and they are given with the hope that 
they may aid in leading to a better understanding of the rela- 
tion of the Iowa Niagara to that of neighboring states. These 
characters may be of use locally in indicating the presence or 
absence of building stone or lima burning stone; and as water 
is almost sure to ba found at the iippar surface of the Maquo- 
keta shales, this may furnish th-^ m?ans of calculating its 
depth below the surface. 
It will be S83n from the foregDing that there are cycles or 
alternations of sedimentation in this formation. It begins 
with large quantities of chert in the transition beds l)eIow, 
and the summit of the building stone returns to the same 
character, while the intervening beds are comparatively free 
from chert. The lower Coralline strongly resemble the upj)er 
Coralline beds, lithologically and faunally, while the interven- 
ing Pentamerus beds have a fauna much like that of the build- 
ing stone which overlies the upper Coralline. 
HIGH LEVEL GRAVEL AND LOAM DEPOSITS OF 
KENTUCKY RIVERS. 
By Arthur M. Mif.leh, Li-xiiiK^tun, Ky. 
The waste of Carboniferous rocks occurring in the upland 
soil of the Blue Grass region has frequently attracted the at- 
*See article by W. H. Norton, la. Geol. Rep., vol. ni, 189.3, pp. 18(5. 
208. 
