o90 The American Geologist. Oiceniher, 1895 
Splii/r(i(l<>c(>r((s characterize the American lower Devonian:* the new 
Ci/rtoceras-Vike genua Koke Ilia is unrepresented. Among the gastero- 
poda is one described as typifying a new genwi^, Pnigaleriin {P. cniivi- 
dens) which is, however, synonymous with Profocaluptra'a tUarke. and 
is known in American faunas only in the upper Devonian. Of the 
Ijrachiopods, Aiiip/iigciiia is lower Devonian in America: among the 
erinoids CiijiressocriiuiH is here unknown, He.r((ci'iiuis and Melocriiius 
are virtual!}' restricted to upper Devonian faunas. There are also some 
notable differences in the intensity of development of certain generic 
types, as in Agoiiiatites (AjiJii/llitcs) of which we recognize two or three 
species in the New York Devonian (Goniatites e,rpaiisi(s Van., and var 
nodiger Hall, and G. iinilobatns Hall) and two of these are incorporated 
by the author among the seven varieties of (J. iiicoiistaiis Phill. Anar- 
cesfes is represented by six species, only one being known here (^-1. late- 
sepfaius Beyr. Goii. plebeifoniiis Hall). Tnniocenis has nine species, 
while the middle Devonian of America has produced but two. Mene- 
ceiria, with fcjur species, is not known here unless it be })y the little 
known shell Gov. orbicella Hall. Loxonema and Platijcenis fall far be- 
low their American development, Pollicina and Agnesia are not known, 
the lamellibranchs Ridotia and Parallelodus, HoplomytihiH and Posi- 
r?o)( w have not been identified here, while Cardiola is represented by 
seven species and Conoeardium by six. Merista is not a middle Devo- 
nian genus in America. And yet with such differences there is striking 
uniformity in the two faunas in the composition of the goniatite, lamel- 
lil)ranch and brachiopod elements. 
The author introduces four new genera, viz.: KoLriiia, a cyrtoceran- 
looking genus, with obliquely ribbed sides but with no evidence of sipho 
or septa; it is comi)ared to Goleoprioii in structure. P)-ogalertis, as al- 
ready observed, a gastropod genus synonymous with Proiocalijpfvcea. 
Pollicina (accredited to Koken), a supposed platyceratid with strong- 
rugose growth-ridges. Chascothyvia, a large terebratuloid brachiopod 
having a loop extending for half the length of the shell and slightly re- 
flected in front, whence a long and narrow spine projects backward. Its 
structure suggests a Eenssekeria in which the anterior plate formed by 
the coalescence of the descending branches of the loop has been resorbed 
without affecting the median rod connected therewith and extending 
toward the crura. It is an interesting modification of centronellid type 
ctnd is represented by three species, of which (7/. harroifii is the typical 
form. 
The genus EitdiilionjiJic II. wh\rh was rci-ently introduced by Whid- 
borne for the brachiopod Megantcris ricanji Dav., is regarded by Hol- 
zapfel as a synonym of Aniphigeiiia Hall, though we believe it would be 
well to adopt the author's suggestion by apijlying this term to those 
middle Devonian shells having a short form and broadly introverted 
margins {E. lu'cariji, A. heyvichi). 
*The author repeatedly refers to the Upper Helderbers fauna as of lower uiiddl'S 
Devonian ase. Tliis is not in accordance with the accepted classification of the 
American faunas, nor does it ayree witli our own view. Tliat fauna naturally em- 
braces some mi<id]e Devonian types, but its most i)roeminent elements are distinctly 
of earlier age. 
