Jlerieir of Recent Gcoloiilcnl Literature. 391 
The paleoutologic portion of the work, which constitutes its main 
part, is followed by chapters mainly pertaining to the local developments 
of the fauna and their correlation. One of these which is concerned with 
the faeies of the fauna in its entirety brings forward with much force 
objections to the argument of Walther that the fossil remains of ammo- 
noid cephalopods do not. generally speaking, represent members of the 
faunas with which they are found, but after having been floated by in- 
closed gases resulting from decomi^osition have been cai'ried by wind 
and tide from their deep water habitat in among the shallow water or- 
ganisms with whose remains theirs are found. Holzapfel shows that 
the goniatites of the German Devonian prevail wherever the limestones 
occur, that their number is greatly diminished in shales and sands, 
while they occur with extreme rarity in coral and erinoid deposits: 
further that, in respect to generic and even specified types, these fossils 
are of general distribution in the middle Devonian of Ijoth continents. 
The evidence from equivalent New York faunas distinctively favors this 
conclusion. Not all the limestones of the Marcellus and Hamilton di- 
visions produce goniatites, bvit these fossils are most prolific in certain 
of these layers and at present appear to be closely restricted to narrow 
horizons, e. g., the almost exclusive development of AcjotiiatiteH expan- 
sun and Tornoceras (llseoideum in the goniatite limestone of the Mar- 
cellus shales, and of Anarcentes pleheifoniiiH in a local limestone stra- 
tum of the same age. Furthern:iore, the presence of goniatites in highly 
bituminous or arenaceous sediments of the middle Devonian can not be 
construed as an argument against this inference for such species are 
those which also occur involved in the calcareous sediments of that for- 
mation. This same fact is strikingly true of the lower Devonian or 
Intumescens fauna, a fauna emphatically distinct from those x^i'eced- 
ing and succeeding; its goniatites abound most freely where there is 
calcareous stratum, but the same species likewise occur in the sandy 
shales and flags. Moreover, the entire fauna in all its elements is an 
harmonious whole, reproduced in world-distant regions. .i. m. c. 
MoJIaaca and Crn:itaceu of the Miocene Format ionn of Meir Jersei/. 
By Robert Park Whitfield. (U. S. Geol. Survey, Monograph xxiv, 
pp. 195, with 21 plates: Washington, 1891. Price, 90 cents). Eight 
years ago only fifty Miocene sx)ecies were known fi-om New Jersey : but 
in the present work the numl^er is increased to 110, of which ;J6 are 
found only in this State. •• No living forms have been found in the 
New Jersey deposits that are not also known to occur in some of the 
more southern localities, and no very close repi-esentatives of living 
species are seen among those which so far are found in New Jersey 
only." The fossiliferous Miocene beds occur in three phases, namely, 
in descending order, a dark brown or chocolate-colored clay, which lies 
next below the "glass sand ;'' next, a stony layer of gray marl, filled 
with .shells of Ostrea and other forms; and, below this, the loose sandy 
gray marl. These divisions, however, do not ajjpear to be distinctly 
9ex)arable zoologically, and they are therefoie thought to be due mereh 
