'i\0'2 The American (ieoloylst. NovcmbcM-, 1895 
tion. ruder tlic ^•viiilaiice of Mr. Whitakcr ;incl Mr. Keitl pit 
after pit was visited, and the only regret was that the time 
allowed only a brief stay in each — enough to tantalize and too 
little to satisfy. The evidence of a fall in temperature be- 
tween the coralline crags below and the red crag above, shown 
by the fauna, was pointed out and an abundance of the crag 
Mollusca was carried olf' in bags and boxes. A second visit 
was made on the following day under the same able leader- 
ship to several other (juarries in the crags near Sutton, and 
fresh collections were made. 
The French and Belgian visitors to the meeting were heard 
on Monday morning. M. Dollfiiss stated his views on the ex- 
tent of the sea in western Europe in late Tertiary time and 
they elicited a lively discussion in which numerous geologists 
took part. He considered that in Pliocene days a land barrier 
existed across the English channel and extended northwest- 
ward to the Faroe isles and to Greenland, and that the fossils 
of the English crags were the remnants of the life of the sea 
on the north of the barrier. Others were disposed to place 
this barrier farther to the northward. Mr. Van-den-Brock then 
spoke on the present knowledge which we possess concerning 
the upper Tertiary of Belgium. After these papers were read 
and discussed a number of reports of less interesting but very 
valuable nature were read or taken as read, and the section 
adjourned to visit the crag and coprolite l)eds of the vicinity. 
The last morning, Tuesday, was occujjied with three papers 
on the exploration which has for some years been proceeding 
into the deep strata underlying the Louilon liasin. They con- 
tained the details of several borings and the cores were shown 
(cut by the diamond drill) out of a hard argillaceous rock 
.whose dip was at a high angle, even up to the vertical, and 
which showed signs of strong movement and pressure. The 
age of this stratum was uncertain, opinion hovering between 
a Carboniferous and a Silurian date, but no doubt was enter- 
tained regarding its Paleozoic age, and it was considered as 
another link in the chain of subterranean investigation that 
has been for many years in ])rogress. An ingeneous lint slow 
and very laborious method of determining the azimuth of this 
dip was next given by Mr. Francis, the results of which ap- 
peared to be conclusive, but the method itself was too costly 
