Volcanoes of Western Nicaragua. — Crazcford. 113 
1898. Earthquakes for one day, causing much damage to the "cathedral" 
in the city of Leon. 
1901. Earthquakes numerous but not severe, reported in American 
Geologist. 
1902. Earthquakes, several not very strong, reported to American Ge- 
ologist. 
There are many evidences of prehistoric violent volcanic eruptions 
in western Nicaragua : one is a stratum, miles in area, in the southern 
part of and south of lake Managua, that retains the deep impressions, 
on its upper surface, of human feet, grown persons and children — also 
of domestic animals, that evidently were fleeing into the lake to 
escape hot ashes from some volcano, probably Masaya; the toes of 
the feet all point, in each impression, toward the lake. 
EDITORIAL COMMENT. 
The Ore Deposits of Monte Cristo, Washington. 
This little monograph embodies the results of a month's 
study of one of the most important mining regions in the state 
of Washington, and presents in concise form a quite compre- 
hensive description of its rocks and ores.* 
The mining camp of Monte Cristo is situated in the heart 
of the Cascade range, but on its western slope. It lies nearly 
due east of the city of Everett and about 40 miles distant and 
can be conveniently reached only by the Everett and Monte 
Cristo railroad. 
The author describes the following rock divisions as rec- 
ognized in the district : 
1. Ancient granitic rock, 'not exposed Mesozoic. 
2. Arkoses and conglomerates with some quartzytes Eocene. 
3. Earlier andesytes and tuffs, ) 
- 4. Tonalyte (dacyte), Miocene. 
5. Rhyolyte, \ 
6. Pyroxene-hornblende-andesytes, \ 
tuffs and volcanic breccias. \^^^' P^'^''^^' ""^ Pl^'stocene. 
The granitic rocks have not been found in place, but are 
represented by the sedimentary deposits that have been formed 
from them, such as granitic arkoses and conglomerates con- 
taining coarse pebbles and boulders of granite. These granitic 
arkoses constitute a series several thousand feet in thickness 
* The ore deposits of Monte Cristo, Washington. By Josiah Edward 
Spurr. Twentv-second annual report, V. S. (ieologicnl Survey, Part II, pages 
779-865; plates Ixxix-lxxxii, fignres 89-130, 1900-1901. 
