Mail in the Ice Age. — ■Uphain. 137 
made by him, showing it to be 72 feet long-, about 10 feet wide, 
and about yVz feet high. Its waUs are vertical to the hight 
of about six feet, above which the top is flatly arched, with no 
other support than is supplied by the well known coherent 
texture of the loess formation in which this upper part of the 
tunnel is dug. Resulting from their visit, a second article in 
the Kansas City Star, of March 23, writteii by Mr. Suter- 
meister, announced the provisional reference of the skeleton to 
a part of the Glacial period estimated as 35,000 years ago. 
Upper Carboniferous limestone, determined from the abun- 
dant fossils collected by Mr. Hare in the region about Kansas 
City, outcrops at the site of the tunnel, and at much higher 
elevations close southeast, and somewhat farther away to the 
south, west, and northwest ; but mainly it is covered and con- 
cealed by tliie extensive and very thick valley drift deposit 
of loess. The limestone, in a compact bed several feet thick, 
forms the floor of the tunnel, rising nearly two feet along its 
extent of 72 feet south-southeast into the bluff. Fragments of 
limestone and shale, with much earthy debris, rested on this 
floor along all the area of the tunnel, having a variable thick- 
ness of 2 to 4 feet, but mainly about 2J/2 feet, and being thick- 
est and most stony, as seen in the section, at the east wall of 
the tunnel. In the debris which thus formed the lower third 
of the excavation, fragments of the limestone, and' of its as- 
sociated thin shaly layers, are common up to 6 inches long, 
and several masses i to 3 feet long were encountered. One 
measuring 12 by 20 inches is imbedded in the head of the tun- 
nel, onlv two or three feet from the site of the. skeleton, and 
at a little greater hight. The skeleton lay in the upper foot 
of the debris, or perhaps in a hollow of its surface; but the 
half of the lower jaw found separate, a foot lower, was cer- 
tainly imbedded in the stony debris about a foot below its 
top where it is overlain 1)\- tlie loess. The Carboniferous lime- 
stone, from which its fragments in the debris appear to have 
been derived, outcrops within 50 feet southeast of Mr. Con- 
cannon's house, or only about 150 feet southeast of the tunnel, 
having there a hight of 50 or 60 feet above the tunnel floor. 
Thence the rock outcrop gradually rises southeastward as a 
spur ridge, attaining within die distance of an eighth of a 
mile a hight of fully 125 feet above the floor of the tunnel, or 
