144 The American Geologist. September, 1902 
6. ]\Ioderate re-elevation of the land took place during the 
Wisconsin stage, in the northern United States and Canada 
advancing- as a permanent \\-avc from south to north and north- 
east. The ice border continued mainly in a wavering retreat 
along most of its extent, but attained its maximum advance 
in southern New England. This last well defined stage of the 
Glacial period was characterized by slight fluctuations of the 
ice front and the formation of prominent marginal moraines. 
Great glacial lakes were held by the barrier of the waning ice- 
sheet on the northern borders of the United States. At the 
same time the iNIecklenburgian stage in Europe was attended 
by the formation of conspicuous moraine accumulations at the 
gradually receding ice boundaries in Sweden. Denmark, Ger- 
many, and Finland. 
It is clearly seen, from this review of the Ice age, that the 
Lansing skeleton and the deposition of the loess are referable 
to its later part, when the liigh land elevation that caused the 
growth of the vast sheets of snow and ice was succeeded by the 
Champlain depression, which brought the period of glaciation 
to its end. Man at Lansing was contemporaneous with the be- 
ginning of the tilling of the ]Missouri valley with the loess, p-ob- 
ably a few thousand years before the very remarkable marginal 
moraines in Wisconsin, Iowa. AlinneiOta, and all our northern 
states, as well as in Canada, were formed on the boundaries of 
the departing ice-sheet. ]\Iost of the other observations of traces 
of men contemporaneous with glaciation in this country indicate 
merely an antiquity equal to that of the moraines formed during 
the glacial recession. Such are the discoveries of stone imnle- 
ments and the chips of their manufacture in the Late Glacial 
gravels of the Delaware valley at Trenton, N. J., in the similar 
valley deposits of Ohio, in the ancient floodplain of the Mis- 
sissippi at Little Falls, ]Minn., in a beach ridge of the glacial 
Lake Agassiz in northwestern Manitoba, and the discovery of a 
fireplace under a beach ridge of the glacial Lake Iroquois in 
western New York, where geologists have found traces of 
man's presence during the closing scenes of the Ice age. For a 
comprehensive review of these traces of Glacial man, the reader 
may be referred to ^\'rlght's 'Tee Age in North America" 
(1889), and his "Alan and the Glacial Period" (1892). 
