I90 The American Geologist. September, 1902 
near the floor of the tunnel. Others found fragments, by pull- 
ing over the clump heap at the mouth of the tunnel. 
The material penetrated by the tunnel is common loess, 
but throughout its lowest, 2 to 4 feet, it is very irregular. It here 
shows no evidence of water stratification. It is charged with 
rotting fragments and slabs of the limestone of the region, but 
contains no foreign drift. Over this mass of non-stratified ma- 
terial is a thickness of two or three feet of distinctly stratified 
loess. The evidences of water stratification become less and 
less distinct toward the roof of the tunnel, but there is no 
abrupt change in texture from the bottom of the stratified por- 
tion to the roof of the tunnel. It appears reasonable to suppose 
that at first the entire mass of loess was stratified, and that 
by the action of atmospheric forces, including vegetation, the 
stratified structure has been destroyed in the upper portion. It 
was probably deposited by the Missouri river at a former high 
stage and cannot be distinguished from the great loess sheet of 
that valley at Kansas City. The skeleton was found, not in 
this alluvial loess deposit, but in the unstratified debris amongst 
the limestone fragments that lie below it. It is hence pre-loessian 
but probably not much older than the loess, since, if it had been 
long exposed near the natural surface prior to being covered by 
the loess, the skeleton would probably have been so disintegrated 
that the bones would not bear their own weight. The material 
in which the skeleton lay was apparently the sliding and rotting 
limestone debris that accumulates on all limestone bluffs, and 
which is seen along the river bluffs at the present time where 
the railroad skirts them and the grade occasionally cuts into 
them. 
Professor \\'illiston has kindly furnished the following mem- 
orandum of the skeleton : 
The preserved portions include the larger part of the skeleton : — 
the skull, various vertebrae, humeri, radius, carpal and finger bones, 
pelvic bones, femora, tibias, fibula:, tarsal and toe bones. The femora 
measure seventeen and a half inches in length, indicating a person of av- 
erage size. The pelvic bones have not been mended so that the sex can 
be determined. The skull does not appear to be much if any below the 
average size ; it is distinctly dolichocephalic, the forehead receding, 
with the orbital margins prominent, and showing especially prominent 
supraciliary ridges. The complete mandible has lost on each side the 
first and second molars, with absorption of the alveolar processes. All 
the other teeth are worn to a remarkable degree, the third molars or 
