lozva Carboniferous Formations — Sardeson. 309 
ported from west of the county boundary near Gilmore and 
identified by Stuart Weller as comprising Evuiietria verneuil- 
iana, Athyris subquadrata ( ?), Spirifer increbescens (?) and 
Rhynchonella sp. (op. cit., p. 132.). 
The occurence of this fauna of brachiopods on the east and 
west argues general conditions to have prevailed in the region 
embracing tliem at the time when the sediments were deposit- 
ing; — that there was a continuous wide area of sedimentation 
then, and that this Saint Louis formation once covered the area 
of the county quite equally. The uneven surface upon which 
the sediments were accumulating may have induced the local 
stratigraphic inequalities seen, though the brecciated condition 
which frequently occurs must have been due to .'^ome violent 
disturbance though possibly no more than to earthquake shock 
which in an imperfectly solidified sediment upon an uneven 
surface might be a sufficient force to do the milling which the 
strata have received. This is seen where regular strata pass 
suddenly into a local breccia which is often very coarse. I saw 1 
no evidence of such violent faulting or folding subsequent to 
this period. Subsequent erosion is accountable for the appar- 
ent protrusion of Kinderhook elevations through the Saint 
Louis formation as now seen at Humboldt. 
Des MoiViCS. The presence of a small remnant of thin 
coal measure deposit south of Humboldt as heretofore well 
knov.'u may be taken as arguing the probable former exten- 
sion of such deposit or the occurrence of it in basins over the 
country before erosion destroyed the greater part of it prior 
to Glacial time or finally during glaciation. Evidence to prove 
existing remnants of it beyond the one mentioned was not met 
with except near Bode, la., where it was learned that in cer- 
tain wells, coal had been dug though probably from the lower 
part of the drift. It could have come from northward of 
course, and at least not from known sources here. 
The extent of this and the other formations of the Car- 
boniferous under the Drift is a question of special interest in 
the problem of draining the land b}' sinks, and the view of- 
fered here is that general conditions rather than local differ- 
ences prevailed over this region, and this is the more favor- 
able to the systematic prosecution of artificial sinks. 
