388 The American Geologist. December, 1902. 
Missouri reached to depths below the present streams ; and in recent 
time the Mississippi, Ohio, and other rivers have partially refilled the 
valleys along the flat lowlands. w. u. 
Mineral Resources of South Dakota: including Mineral Wealth of the 
Black Hills, by Cleophas C. O'Harra; and Mineral Building Ma- 
terial, Fuels, and Waters of South Dakota, zvith Production for 
igoo, by James E. Toud, South Dakota Geological Survey, Bulletin 
No. 3, J. E. Todd, State Geologist. Pages 136, with 31 plates and 
4 figures in the text. Vermillion, S. D., 1902. 
Professor O'Harra, of the State School of Mines, Rapid City, pre- 
sents a report, in 80 pages, with 21 plates, on the ores and associated 
minerals of the Black Hills. The gold product of this district, begin- 
ning with $10,000 in 1875, has mainly iricreased, with some fluctuation, 
to a maximum of about $7,000,000 in 1901. The aggregate in the twenty- 
seven years is estimated to slightly exceed $100,000,000- It is expected 
that during many years to come the gold output will continue of increas- 
ing amount. , 
Tin mining, begun in 1884, but prosecuted irregularly and unprofit- 
ably, has yielded in total possibly 50,000 pounds of this metal. "In 
the minds of many mining men the failure to profitably work the tin 
deposits in the past was due in great part to unwise management 
and not to the low grade of the ore. In view of this belief some effort 
is now being made to reopen old mines, and possibly by careful 
avoidance of extravagant methods soni^e of the more favorable deposits 
may yet yield fair returns." 
The geologic resources of other parts of the state are described by 
Prof. Todd, including building stones, cements and clays, lignite, etc. 
Numerous beds of lignite, varying in thickness up to a maximum of 
about 10 feet, occur in the Laramie formation in the northwest corner 
of the state ; but they have been only slightly worked, being far from 
railways. They are similar to the lignite deposits of the same Laramie 
age in North Dakota, which are very extensive and have been long 
mined. Natural gas has been encountered by artesian wells at Pierre 
and in a large adjoining region. It occurs in such amount that it is 
used for lighting the city of Pierre, and as fuel of many stoves and 
:several steam engines. w- u. 
Martinique and St. Vincent, a preliminary report on the eruptions of 
1902. E. O. HovEY. (Extract from the Bulletin of the American 
Museum of National History, vol. 16, pp. 333-372, pis. 33-51, Oct. 
II, igo2, Author's edition.) 
This admirable account of the late volcanic eruptions in the lesser 
Antilles is lucidly illustrated by half-tone reproductions of photo- 
graphs taken mainly by the author. The final report which is to fol- 
low this will contain the author's "extended arguments, and the elab- 
oration of many interesting details, together with the results of mi- 
croscopical and chemical studies yet to be made on the ejecta of the 
.eruptions of both volcanoes." 
