Moraines in the White Mountains. — L'pham. ii 
local moraines, which, on acc<Hnit of their usually scanty mass, 
have not hitherto been observed in that wooded country. 
During parts of the years 1871-78 I was employed on the 
Geological Survey of New Hampshire, and in the later half of 
that time partly on surveys for the railroad extension from the 
Twin Mountain House to the Fabyan House and onward to 
the foot of the Mt. Washington railway. In 1877 and 1878 I 
began, on Cape Cod, the New England islands, and Long Is- 
land, my field observations and studies of the terminal moraines 
of our continental ice-sheet, which were continue.d through 
nearly twenty years in Minnesota, the Dakotas, and Manitoba. 
In 1897 I visited Europe, and saw its continental moraines in 
Germany and Denmark, and the moraines of local glaciers in 
Switzerland and in Great Britain. 
It was, therefore, one of my chief motives, in visiting the 
White mountains again, in 1901, to look for morainic deposits, 
whether of their continental or local phases. By railroad travel. 
I saw again the Ammonoosuc river from its mouth at Woods- 
ville to its highest source in the Lake of the Clouds on Mt. 
\\'ashington. 
The morainic belt close north of Bethlehem, which I then 
first examined, was found to represent the continental type 
of moraines, and to have a considerable extent from east to 
west in the Ammonoosuc valley. Beyond that portion, traced 
from the vicinity of the Twin Mountain House westward to the 
south part of the village of Littleton, a distance of twelve miles, 
this moraine doubtless turns to the southwest and south, and 
sweeps circuitously around the highest ranges oi the ^^'hite 
mountains, to connect again, from the east and north, with the 
east end of the part so traced. Its small hills and short ridges 
usually rise 15 to 30 or 40 feet above the intervening and ad- 
joining hollows, but sometimes to hights of 50 to 100 feet; and 
in many places, as at Littleton, its accumulations are more mas- 
sive than at Bethlehem. 
The material of this belt is chiefly till, with some modified 
drift, as kames, or knolls of gravel and sand. The contour is 
very irregular, in multitudes of hillocks and little ridges, 
grouped without order or much parallelism of their trends. 
Everywhere in and upon these deposits, boulders abound, of 
all sizes to 5 or rarely 10 feet, or more, in diameter, being far 
