Finger Lake Region of Central N. Y. — Tarr. 279 
slopes extend below lake level, giving to both valleys the gorge 
form. That the lower hillside slopes are decidedly different from 
the upper ones is indicated not only by the profiles, but also by 
the fact that below the line separating the two slopes there are 
numerous pronounced cliffs, while above this level there is an 
almost complete absence of cliffs. The cliffs occur on both 
sides of each main valley, and are sometimes traceable for long 
distances, in some instances for more than a quarter of a mile. 
In some cases roads descending this lower slope are deflected 
by cliffs, and it has even been necessary to cut a bench in the 
rock. This is especially noticeable along the roads leading 
out of Watkins. Once the steepened slope is passed, however, 
the roads extend upward along an easier grade and rarely en- 
counter rock. 
TaiiBhanuoc-k 
Fig. 19. Cross section of Cayuga valley 
creek, eighl miles nortiiwest of Ithaca. (Scale same as Fig. 7.) 
Co 
Fig. 20. Cross section of lake Cayuga valley, one mile north of Tru- 
mansburg oreek, ten i-.iles northwest of Ithaca. (Scale same as Fig. 7.) 
Fig. 21. Profile of west side of Cayuga valley at site of artesian wells 
in the southern outskirts of Ithaca. (Scale same as Fig. T.) 
A second fact of importance, therefore, is that at about 
the level where the streams of the upland hanging valleys 
change from a moderate slope to descend with steep grade 
Fig. 22. Cross section of Seneca lake valley opposite Burdett, two and 
one-half miles north of Watkins. (Scale same as Fig. 7.) 
