24 The America?! Geologist. July, i899 
through Delphos and Van Wert in Ohio, curving gently north- 
ward to New Haven, Ind., on the south bank of the Maumee 
river six miles east of Fort Wayne. The one on the north side 
runs at about the same level from Adrian, Mich., southwest 
through Bryan and Hicksville, O., to a point on the north 
bank of the Maumee about four miles east of Fort Wayne. 
This is known as the Hicksville ridge. More recently the two 
ridges have been designated by one name as the Maumee 
beach. * 
East of Fort Wayne, where they are about one mile apart, 
on opposite sides of the Maumee, the two lines of the beach 
become parallel and pass into the head of a large abandoned 
river channel, which extends westward through the city and 
thence twenty-five miles southwest to Huntington on the 
Wabash river. The old channel averages about a mile wide 
and twenty to eighty feet deep in drift, but has only a very 
*The names "Van Wert ridge" and "Hicksville ridge" were in use 
locally at an early day, but implied nothing as to the nature or origin 
of the ridges. N. H. Winchell in his reports in the "Geology of 
Ohio," vol. II. adopted these names under the impression that the 
ridges were moraines. To designate them properly as a single beach 
line, which they are, it has seemed necessary to find a new name, and 
for this purpose the name "Maumee," which is the name of the lake it- 
self, ^eems most appropriate. Mr. Gilbert designated the beaches of 
the north side of the Maumee valley as Nos. i, 2, etc., the Hicksville 
ridge being No. i. 
Note to Fig. 2. Four .sketch maps showing successive positions of the recedinR 
ice-front witli accompan.vinK lakes. Map I. Lake Maumee (first stage) ; Maumee 
beach, Defiance ice-dam and Fort Wayne outlet. Map II, Lake Maumee (second or 
two-outlet stage) ; Leipsic beach, Detroit-Euclid ice-dam and Fort Wayne and Im- 
lay outlets. The beaded line shows the position of the Toledo-Newburg dam, which 
was passed without a change of outlet. Map III, Lakes Whittlesey and Saginaw; 
Belmore beach, Port Huron-Gowanda and Saginaw ice-dams and Ubly and Grand 
River outlets. Map IV, Lake Warren ; Hagenville-.4.1den ice-dam, upper Forest or 
Crittenden beach and Grand River outlet. The Hagenville-Alden dam marks ap- 
parently the last position preceding the opening of Mackinac straits. The beaded 
line marks the approximate place of the ice-front at the time of the Albion dam, 
when the eastward outlet opened at Syracuse. The place of this line is largely 
conjectural, being based on four small and widely separated fragments, two of 
which are not certainly identified. But with the aid of the earlier and better known 
lines and a careful estimate of the infiuenco of topography, the position indicated 
may be regarded as a fair approximation. Two other halting places of the dam 
might have been indicated on this map: the Lockport dam between the Hagenville- 
Alden and the Albion, and the Alcona-Hamburg next in front or south of the 
Hagenville-Alden. But neither of these unrepresented dams was critical ; the up- 
per Crittenden beach ends at Alden and only the lower extends beyond. Except 
in New York and western Ontario, the place of the Locikport dam is only a degree 
less conjectural than that of the Albion. The light broken lines east of Buffalo, 
north of Toronto and west of Hagenville represent known or probable extensions of 
the lower Forest or Crittenden beach at the time of the Albion dam. 
