26 The American Geologist. July, nm 
lies near the frontal base of the Toledo moraine, which curves 
to the north of it. It is not so close, however, as the channel 
in another case to be mentioned presently. The moraines here 
lie close together and the channel is about midway between 
them. 
On the principles laid down in the opening pages of this 
paper, we should say that the water at the level of the first 
stage of lake Maumee must have extended nearly to Imlay 
City before the new outlet opened and the level of the lake 
fell. On the south side a similar extension must have taken 
place from Findlay towards Cleveland. The course of the 
Toledo moraine, however, shows that the northern 30 or 40 
miles of the long bay must have been very narrow, mostly not 
over five miles wide, for this moraine runs nearly parallel with 
the great interlobate ridge on the west and close to its base; 
and the long arm may have been narrow on the south side 
of the lake also. The fact that Mr. Leverett did not find any 
representative of the Maumee beach east of Findlay, although 
he says he made particular search for it, and the fact that it has 
not been reported north of Adrian may be due mainly to these 
conditions. It seems probable, further, that the Imlay outlet 
opened before the ice-front had receded so far as Toledo, in 
which case there would be this additional reason for faintness 
on the part of the extended beach. Theoretically, however, the 
Maumee beach ought to be found extending in faint form some 
distance beyond both Findlay and Adrian. 
The new outlet was neither low enough nor large enough 
to take the whole discharge of the lake, sO' that the Fort 
Wayne outlet continued to be active, but with reduced volume, 
and this apparently is the explanation of the smallness of the 
Imlay channel. But the opening of the new outlet lowered the 
level of the lake slightly, and a new beach began to be formed 
around its whole shore. This is called the Leipsic beach* and 
*From the Ohio-Michigan line north to the vicinity of Port Huron, 
the beaches were explored by Dr. J. W. Spencer. He called the high- 
est one which he found the "Maumee beach," supposing it to be the 
same as Gilbert's highest in northwestern Ohio. He represents 
it as extending from Cleveland to Fort Wayne, thence northeast in 
Ohio and Michigan, through the Imlay outlet, across the Saginaw 
valley, through the Pewamo or Grand River channel and on past 
Chicago. (Am. Jour. Sci., vol. XLI, March, 1891; map.) Although 
the tracing is not yet complete, it now seems quite certain that Spen- 
