1 1 2 The Americait Geologist. Aagust, 1899 
Positive Evidence of Tropical Glaciation. 
On the other hand, Agassiz,* Hartt,t Belt,t De la Beche,§ 
Blanford,|| Schomburgk,^ Chardin, Crawford,** G. F. 
Scott-Eniott,ff Dr. Gustav Eisen,tt Edward Redloe,§§ and 
Maj. Ludlow,l|l| have all observed post-Tertiary phenomena 
within the tropics, which' are attributed to glacial action. 
In addition to this Palaeozoic glacial phenomena have been 
observed to have extended into sub-tropical and tropical lati- 
tudes to an extent which necessitates their recognition by any 
one who would attempt to explain glacial conditions. ^^ 
The strongest proof of tropical glaciation is, however, given 
by Prof. Branner. In order to show how accurately he has 
described the glacial phenomena of Brazil, the two following 
quotations are introduced: — the first is from "Elements of Ge- 
ology," 2nd Ed., pp. 546 and 562, by Dr. Jcs. Le Conte. 
"THE MATERIALS.— DRIFT. Strewed all over the 
northern part of North America, over hill and dale, over moun- 
tain and valley, covering alike nearly all the country rock, Ar- 
chean. Palaeozoic, Mesozoic and Tertiary, to a depth of 30 
to 300 feet, and thus largely concealing them from view, is 
found a peculiar surface soil or deposit ; it consists of a hetero- 
geneous mixture of clay, sand, gravels, subangular stones of 
all sizes, unassorted unstratified, unfossiliferous — " 
"MARSHES AND BOGS. Most of the remains of large 
herbivores have been found in marshes and bogs. . . .Many 
very perfect skeletons of the great mastodon have been ob- 
^■'Jovirney in Brazil." 
f'Physical Geography and Geology of Brazil." 
$"The Naturalist in Nicaragua," p. 265. 
§Trans. Geol. Soc. London. Vol. 2, 2nd Series, pp. 182, 186. 
IIQuart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, Vol. XXIX. pp. 493-503- 
URoyal Geol. Soc, p 178. 
**Am. Geologist, Vol. VIII, Nov. 1S91. No. 5. pp. 306-314. 
ttProc. Cal. Acad. Sci., Vol. V, p. 754- 
IJQuart. Jour. Geol. Soc, Nov. ist, 1895, Vol. LI, No. 204, pp. 
675-6. 
§§U. S. Special Consular Reports on Streets and Highways, pp. 
520-525- 
IIIIReport on Nicaragua Canal, 1896, p. 15. 
^TfOldham, Geological Magazine, Vol. XXIII, 1886, as previously 
cited. 
