Otliniel CJiarlcs Marsh. — B ax her. 145 
were of gigantic stature, some of them the largest land animals 
yet known, and also that each restoration represents a number 
of separate investigations on the structure of the skull, the 
limbs, the vertebrae, the pelvis, etc. In most cases, only by 
this means was it possible to bring together gradually, part by 
part, until the sum of the knowledge warranted a complete 
representation of the skeleton. The material of many of the 
genera he described is still in these various stages of progress, 
awaiting new additions of portions yet unknown in order to 
fcrm a finished conception of the entire animal. His exten- 
sive report on the dinosaurs of North America, published in 
1896, gave a synopsis of what he had accomplished up to that 
time, but as remarked elsewhere their philosophical treatment 
he had reserved for his final monographs. 
Probably, among the Reptilia, next in importance to his 
work on the Dinosauria is that on the mosasaurs. In this he 
first announced the discovery of the dermal armor, the position 
of the quadrate, the finding of the stapes, the columella, 
the hyoid, the sclerotic plates, the quadrato-parietal arch, the 
malar arch, the transverse bone, the pterygoids, the pterotic 
bone, the sternum, the anterior limbs, the posterior limbs, the 
length of the neck, and details of the pelvic region. Thus he 
contributed a knowledge of some of the most essential charac- 
ters of the skeleton in this group. In other groups of aquatic 
reptiles, he also brought out new genera and types of structure. 
Prominent among these may be mentioned Baptajwdon, a 
toothless ichthyosaurian. Marsh was the first to describe the 
remains of fossil serpents in the western Tertiary deposits, and 
likewise the first to discover the remains of flying reptiles in 
America. The latter were of unusually large size and remark- 
able for the absence of teeth. 
The acquisition of a unique specimen of pterodactyl from 
the lithographic slates of Bavaria enabled him to supply the 
long sought information regarding the wing and caudal mem- 
branes. Notices of a number of new species of fossil croco- 
diles, lizards, and turtles, complete this survey of his work on 
the Reptilia. 
Practically, most of the present knowledge of extinct bird- 
life in America is contained in Marsh's publications, which 
include descriptions of numerous species, ranging from the 
