20 The American Geologist. January, 1H94 
( L850) was written at the request of Mr. Foster. This is accom- 
panied by two sections showing the succession of strata from 
Milwaukee to Janesville, and from Grand Haven, in Michi- 
gan, to Milwaukee, the latter being designed to show that the 
basin of the lake is excavated in soft shales and shaly lime- 
stones. The sandstone at Janesville, seen in the valley of Etock 
river, he considers Potsdam. It is overlain by the Calcif erous 
-and rock. In upward succession follow the Blue or Trenton 
limestone. I he Galena limestone, seen at Palmyra and White- 
water, Waukesha limestone. Soft Yellow limestone. Geodifer- 
ous limestone, Shaly limestone and Corniferous limestone, the 
last having a small area at Milwaukee. The section is notice- 
able for the absence of the St. Peter sandstone. Black bitu- 
minous shale found in loose fragments in the vicinity of 
Milwaukee he attributes to the possible existence of the Mar- 
cellus shale in the near vicinity, though nowhere found in 
place. The design of this article is to demonstrate, according 
to the general views of Messrs. Foster, Whitney and Hall, that 
the general stratigraphic sequence seen in New York state can 
be recognized throughout Wisconsin as in other parts of the 
Northwest. 
In September. 1858, Lapham made one of the first (if not 
the first) scientific visits and description of the Penokee iron 
range.* His examination was carried over an extent, east 
and west, across three townships, and of its location he gives 
a map. showing towns 44 — 1, 2 and 8, west of the fourth prin- 
cipal meridian, and T. 45 — 1 west. This area is in the 
magnetic portion of the range and is crossed by the Bad river 
and some of its tributaries. Dr. Lapham describes the general 
character of the country, the strata which constitute the range 
and the manner of occurrence of the ore in the rock. He was 
accompanied by Edward Daniels, one of the Commissioners 
of the (then) state geological surve}". He expresses a very 
high estimate of the iron-producing qualities of this portion 
of the range, although he seems not to have seen much, if any. 
of that soft hematite which has since rendered the Penokee 
range (in connection with its eastern extension known as the 
*Col. Charles Whittlesey examined this range in 1849. See his de- 
scription in Owen's report on Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota, 1852, 
p. 444. 
