Increase Allen Lapham. — Winchell. 'IS 
tion that the Coast and Geodetic Survey began the trian- 
gulation for the determination of latitude and longitude at 
various important points in the state, this work being placed 
under the direction of Prof. J. E. Davies, of the University of 
Wisconsin. Subsequent!}" a triangulation was extended across 
the state to the Mississippi valley, under the law of Congress 
granting aid, through the Coast Survey, to such States as 
were carrying on either geological or topographical surveys; 
and this more recently has furnished a basis for the exten- 
sion of similar work in Minnesota. 
His second report is similar in scope and contents to his 
first. It shows, however, a greater amount of detail of geo- 
logical facts, and indicates that the survey was deeply involved 
in an investigation of those questions which were at a later 
date elucidated in full in the reports of that survey. The work 
of these two years gives a stamp to all the volumes of the 
final report. The men he employed and the plans he laid per- 
petuated their influence to the end of the survey. The sec- 
ond year he secured the services of Maj. T. B. Brooks who 
had but recently concluded his survey of the iron regions of 
Michigan. The voluminous annual reports of his assistants 
for 1873 and 1874 are not printed in connection with the re- 
ports of Laphani, as they should be in full justice to Laphani. 
but they were returned to their authors who condensed and 
corrected them, and incorporated their contents in the final 
report that was published under the direction of Prof. Cham- 
berlin. 
Dr. Laphani gave, in 1M74, an epitome of the geology of the 
state of Wisconsin, in a chapter in Walling' s folio atlas (pp. 
16-19). The Laurentian he makes the parallel of the term 
Archean. The Huronian he describes in the same sense as the 
Michigan and Canadian geologists — /. <-,. it includes the crys- 
talline and the chloritic schists, the greenstones, the iron- 
bearing rocks and the quartzites, such as those of Barron 
county, the base being supposed to be non-conformable upon 
the granitic rocks of the Laurentian. Nd limestone was then 
known in the Archean [here probably meaning to include 
Huronian in this term] in the state of Wisconsin. Following 
the Huronian come the copper-bearing rocks. These he makes 
pre-Silurian. in the section showing the position of the 
