Iron Range History. — //. V. Winchell. 167 
The position of the beet exposures of ore which I saw is such as to 
require from eighteen to twenty-eight miles of transportation to reach 
the lake. The nearest natural harbor is in Chegwomigon bay, about 
twenty-five miles from the central part of the Penokie range. 
In the "Report of the Cornmisssoners of the Geological 
Survey" of Wisconsin for 185S are the following - remarks by 
the same writer : 
In 1850 I passed up the Menomonee as far as Irwin falls, and exam- 
ined the rocks to the east of the river in Michigan. Here the mag- 
netic and specular ores were found, and beautifully veined marbles. 
The system of Magnesian slates extending from Carp river, on lake 
Superior, westward and southwestward, which embraces the metamor- 
phic limestones and the iron, was then traced to the state line of Wis- 
consin. 
During the explorations of the present year, in tracing that system 
within this state across the Menomonee river, I had the satisfaction to 
find that it produces here both iron and marble, in quantities that are 
inexhaustible. 
I cannot in this note, nor until the analyses are completed, give an 
idea of the value of the ores, but I am satisfied that whenever a cheap 
mode of transportation is provided, they will attract notice. Both the 
iron ores and the marbles exist on both sides of the river convenient to 
water power that is unlimited. A considerable part of the deposits of 
iron have hard wood near at hand suitable for coal. 
The interesting origin of the name "Penokie" was given as 
follows by Col. Whittlesey in an article on "The Penokee 
Mineral Range'' read before the Boston Society of Natural 
History in July, 1863: 
In the Chippeway language the name for iron is pewabik; and I 
thought it proper to designate the mountains, where this metal exists 
in quantities that surprise all observers, as the "Pewabik Range.'" The 
compositor, however, transformed it to Penokie, a word which belongs 
to no language, but which is now too well fastened upon the range by 
usage to be changed. 
Soon after the publication of Dr. Owen's report, the excitement of 
1845-6 in reference to copper was repeated in reference to iron. Pre- 
emptors followed the surveyors, erecting their rude cabins on each 
quarter-section between the meridian and Lac des Anglais, a distance 
of eighteen or twenty miles. The iron belt is generally less than one 
fourth of a mile in width, regularly stratified, dipping to the northwest 
conformable to the formations, and having itsoutcrop along the summit 
of the second or southerly range. 
So much iron was found there that lie intended to call il the 
"Pewabik" range in 1850, even before the government survey 
of the region. 
This papor was accompanied by a geological map of the 
