168 The American Geologist. March, IM't 
l'ange prepared by Whittlesey in lN(;o, on which the crest of 
the range and the outcrops of iron ore arc marked with won- 
derful accuracy. 
But Whittlesey was not the only geologist who observed 
and described the mineral wealth of this region. In 1858 
Edward Daniels, one of the State Geological Commission, and 
prior to that time State Geologist, visited the Penokee-Goge- 
bic range and mentions it as Follows in the Commissioner's 
report for L858, pp. 10, 11: 
The mineral resources also promise richly. The most important of 
these are the great deposits of iron ore found in the Penokie Moun- 
tains, about thirty miles inland from the head of Chegwomigon Bay. 
These iron beds follow the mountain ridge through several townships, 
having a direction a little North of East. * * * * The ore is princi- 
pally the magnetic and brown oxide, with traces of specular iron, and 
occurs in seams parallel with the stratification, varying from a mere 
line to fifty feet in thickness; it is of good quality, well located for quar- 
rying, and practically inexhaustible. 
Another well-known scientist who saw and appreciated the 
on- deposits of this range was Dr. I. A. Lapham, afterward 
State Geologist of Wisconsin. lie visited the Penokee dis- 
trict witli Daniels in 1 S 5 S . His account of the trip may be 
seen in the Trans. Wisconsin State Agricultural Society, Vol. 
V, 1858-59. He there gives what is perhaps the first pub- 
lished map of the range, and speaks highly of the iron ore he 
saw there. In a report made by Dr. Lapham to the Wiscon- 
sin and Lake Superior Mining and Smelting Company, dated 
November, L858, and published in pamphlet form in 1860, we 
find the following : 
It will be seen that we have already discovered good ore in such 
quantities as to be practically inexhaustible, situated at points accessi- 
ble to water power and having bold fronts, rendering it comparatively 
easy to be quarried. For many years to come only the richest and most 
accessible ores can be brought into use, rejecting — at least for the pres- 
ent—all such as have too large a proportion of silica, and such as are 
not in a condition to be easily and cheaply removed from the natural 
bed. 
Further full accounts of the Penokee-Gogebic range are to 
be found in Volume III of the Wisconsin Geological Reports 
for Ls78-7 ( .>. pages 100-166. 
Minnesota I won Ranges. 
In Minnesota we find a similar condition of affairs. The 
firsl account of iron ore on the Vermilion range appears to be 
