170 The American Geologist. March, 1894 
tuition range], and they are nearer the ore-shipping points as well as the 
iron-using markets. It is on account of this high promise of future 
productiveness that they are fully described in this bulletin. * * * 
There can be no reasonable doubt that in Minnesota, about the 
western and northwestern confines of the lake Superior basin and ex- 
tending westward to the Mississippi river, there will yet be mined in 
the Mesabi range even greater quantities of hematite than have been 
taken from that marvel of mining districts, the Penokee-Gogebic range 
which blazed out with such a brilliant record only a few years ago. 
The above quotations are sufficient to establish the follow- 
ing points: (1) The ore on these three ranges was found by 
geologists who. published accounts of their discoveries: and 
all reports to the contrary are but idle talcs. (2) The ac- 
curacy and trustworthiness of those early reports has been 
fully demonstrated by subsequent developments. (3) Had 
the mining public given due credence to those reports it mighl 
have reaped the benefit from them a quarter of a century 
sooner than it did. 
If this article had been written in a spirit of criticism 
rather than for the purpose of setting forth a few historical 
facts that were in danger of being forgotten, there are many 
careless statements in the magazine articles above referred to 
which would have called for correction. They are but minor 
points, however, and the present writer will be well satisfied 
if he has been able to dissipate any of the cloudiness that now 
surrounds the history of our iron districts, and to aid in the 
firmer establishment of the truth. 
PLEISTOCENE HISTORY OF THE CHAMPLAIN 
VALLEY. 
By S. Prentiss Baldwin. Cleveland, Ohio. 
(Plate Y.) 
More than thirty years ago Prof. C. II. Hitchcock gave a 
careful description and map of the surface geology of the 
Champlain valley.'- The Champlain days were mapped and 
their marine origin was pointed out; and they were subdi- 
vided into the deeper '-blue clays" and upper '-brown clays." 
tin former characterized by Leda portlaridica { Yoldia arctica 
Gray), the latter by Macoma fused. (M. grcenlandica Beck). 
I -eology of Vermont, 1861, vol. i, pp. 93-167, with map. 
