27N The American Geologist. April, 1894 
and snow."* The region lies south of the limits of the ice- 
sheet and the true glacial drift, but I think that during a ge- 
ologically short time, coincident with the European glaciation, 
this western side of the land- areas in the eastern hemisphere 
was greatly but slowly uplifted to the extent of the "2,000 
feet or more" which Prestwich mentions on pages 305 and 
'.Vl\), causing southern England and all the countries bordering 
the Mediterranean to experience a much more severely frosty 
and snowy climate than now. This view is harmonious with 
the epeirogenic theory of the cause of the Ice age, which has 
been thought out and formulated by Dana, Le Conte, Wright, 
and the present writer. \ 
Condensed into one paragraph, the epeirogenic explanation 
of the Ice age sees in the fjords and submarine continuations 
of river valleys a proof that the drift-bearing areas immedi- 
ately before the accumulation of the ice-sheets had been grad- 
ually elevated thousands of feet, until finally the cool plateau 
climate at the culmination of the uplift brought on the Gla- 
cial period ; in the low condition of the lands when the drift 
was left by the retreat of the ice, it sees that these areas had 
sunk beneath their ice weight, until mostly they stood some- 
what below their present level ; and in the postglacial uplift 
-"This is the view held by Prof. James Geikie, "Prehistoric Europe," 
1881, pp. 224-227; and earliest by Mr. U. A. ('. God win- Austen, who 
thought that southern England was then elevated sufficiently to bring 
all its higher portions into altitudes having excessive cold. Quart, .lour, 
(ieol. Sue, vol. VI, 1850, ]>. !)4, and vol. yil, 1851, p. 121. Compare the 
discussion by A. 0. Ramsay and James Geikie concerning the origin of 
the frost-riven limestone-agglomerates of Gibraltar, where they conjec- 
ture that 6,000 or 7,000 feel would be the amount of its uplift requisite 
to cause the severe Pleistocene climate (Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc, vol. 
xxxiv. 1878, ]>. 505-541); also, see J. V. Buchanan's description of the 
submarine canon of the Congo, extending to a depth of 6,000 feet be- 
neath the sea (Scottish Geographical Magazine, vol. in. 1887, pp. 217- 
238; Proc. A. A. A. S., vol. xu. for 1892, pp. 171-173; and Am. .lour, of 
Science, III. vol. xi, vi. pp. 116, 117. Au».. 1893). 
(.lames I). Dana. Presidential Address. Proc. A. A. A. S.. vol. ix. foi- 
ls.")."), pp. 23-29; Trans. Conn. Acad, of Arts and Sciences, vol. u. 1870; 
many papers in the American Journal of Science: and the several edi- 
tions of his Manual of < reology. 
Joseph Le Conte, Bulletin, Geol. Soc. of America, vol. II, 1891, pp. 
323-330; Elements of Geology, third edition. 1891, p. 589. 
G. Frederick Wright, The Ice Age in North America. 1889, chapter 
Six; Man and the Glacial Period. 1892, chapter ix: Amer. .lour, of Sci- 
ence, third series, vol. xi.vn. pp. 184-187, March, 1894. 
Warren Upham, Appendix of The Ice Age in North America, pp. 573- 
595; Am. Jour, of Science, vol. xi,vi. pp. 114 \'1\. Aug., 1893; Bulletin, 
(ieol. Soc. of America, vol. v. 1894, pp. 87-100. 
