320 The American Geologist. May, 1894 
distinct at many places. In a few places, as at the cemetery, 
the beach becomes a light cut terrace, and for two short 
-paces it is a ledge of bare limestone. In one place the road 
passes through a typical boulder pavement which covers the 
sweep below the beach. The ridge is not far from the present 
shore of the lake, but the intervening slope, which is rather 
steep, is covered with a series of light terraces and beach 
ridges which are quite distinctly developed in many localities. 
The upper ridge is easily traced through the lots of the vil- 
lage. The public school and court house are both built upon 
this ridge, or rather upon a part of it which forms a blunt 
spit projecting southward from the higher ground. From the 
court house the beach turns away to the north up the west 
side of a small valley which extends several miles northward 
into the peninsula. The beach fades away in that direction, 
but appears again on the east side of the valley. On the 
drive from Sturgeon Bay to the Life Saving station, which is 
at the east end of the ship canal, we found the upper beach 
again about two miles farther east on the eastern slope of the 
ridge which separates the small valley from the lake. At 
this point, however, the road passes into a dense thicket and 
follows a very winding course so that the exact location of 
one or two points where the beach was seen is not known. 
For about an hour and a half we were lost on the old lumber 
roads of the thicket and during that time we crossed well 
formed beach ridges in two or three places. The ship canal, 
which is about a mile and a quarter long and connects Stur- 
geon bay with lake Michigan, was excavated at its deepest 
cut through about thirty feet of gravel and sand. From an 
examination of the material thrown out, it seemed evident 
that the whole depth of excavation was from a, deposit of 
shore drift built into the former strait by the waves of the lake 
when it stood at higher levels. The coast bordering the lake 
in that vicinity is a mass of dunes, and it is of this character 
for a distance of one to two miles back from the shore. At 
Sawyer, on the opposite side of the bay from the town of Stur- 
geon Bay. the ground is much more uneven. Several frag- 
ments of the shore line were seen there, but it was not con- 
tinuously traced. In one place near the village a small knob 
of red clay drift had evidently been an island when the water 
