374 The American Geologist. June, 1894 
line form and no distinctly postglacial gravel plains or ter- 
races, except those described as being related to the delta of 
the north branch. This kind of evidence makes doubly sure 
the determination of the highest limit of submergence. The 
heavy shore line and its related deltas and gravel plains tell 
the same story which I have so many times learned in other 
places, viz.. that the occurrence of these three formations — 
beach, delta, and fluvial plain — closely related as in this case, 
and each so strongly developed, marks a supreme climax in 
the process of submergence. This combination is particu- 
larly characteristic of the highest shore line in all the rough 
regions of the north. 
The valley of Carp river above the highest beach shows an- 
other important fact. The gravel plain is built into a fluvial 
bed previously eroded out of glacial drift, showing quite clear- 
ly that a considerable period of subaerial erosion had passed 
after the disappearance of the ice and before the building of 
the gravel plain. Farther west, at considerably higher levels, 
are several lakes and streams which are the head waters of 
the Eseanaba and Michigainme rivers. Some of these streams 
have gravel plains apparently of the same age as those of 
Carp river. This is the case with the streams which flow 
southward and enter into lake Michigamme from the 
north. 
L' Anse. On the west side of the plateau of the Iron Range 
we found the highest shore line at about 590 feet and devel- 
oped with about the same strength as at Marquette. The 
beach at this locality was first seen from the train as we de- 
scended the long grade to L'Anse. Afterwards we drove out 
to it and examined it with some care. It is about seven miles 
south of L'Anse, where a switch turns south to the abandoned 
Taylor mine. The beach at this place is of sandy gravel and 
shingle in heavy and rather irregular, broken ridges, facing 
toward the northwest. From this place down to L'Anse sev- 
eral distinct terraces were observed, fourof which were meas- 
ured at their front edges and found to be 42."). ;U5, 320 and 
240 feet, respectively, above the lake. The soil at low levels 
in this vicinity contains more clay and does not so strongly 
suggest wave dash. But the terraces are much more distinct 
than any observed below 430 feet back of Marquette. The 
