Abandoned Shore Lines of Lake Superior. — Taylor. 379 
Bessemer. At this place I found myself entirely above the 
level of submergence. I drove about seven miles north down 
the valley of Black river, but saw no littoral or subaqueous 
forms. Almost the whole distance was in dense forests and 
thickets. The lowest altitude reached on this drive was about 
(500 feet. This was in the bed of Black river near North Bes- 
semer station. The valley there is nearly half a mile wide 
and about 100 feet deep, and it continues northward at least 
four or five miles in the same character. Its floor is flat, im- 
plying the attainment of base-level conditions, and it is inter- 
esting to note that this temporary base-level was apparently 
close above the level of the highest shore line as observed at 
Kimball and L'Anse. The country surface slopes gently to- 
ward the north, interrupted by a few rocky hills and morainic 
ridges. The lowest place reached on this surface was at the 
north, where it is about 625 feet above the lake. 
Sault Ste. Marie. With the possible exception of two or 
three small islands near An Train lake, the entire upper penin- 
sula of Michigan eastward from Marquette was submerged 
along its lake Superior side. In going from Soo Junction to 
Sault Ste. Marie the railroad climbs up a long sandy slope to 
a point two or three miles west of Wellsburg, where it cuts 
through a heavy beach ridge of gravel with layers sloping 
downward to the east. The altitude of this beach is about 
310 feet above lake Superior or 910 feet above the sea. After 
examining the Nipissing beach on both sides of the river at 
Sault Ste. Marie, I drove out the Tarentorus road on the Cana- 
dian side- about six miles, to the last locality described by 
Prof. Lawson. Taking all the circumstances together, this 
locality affords the finest display of postglacial shore line 
forms which I have seen anywhere. There is a whole series 
of very massive beach ridges of gravel resting like even, par- 
allel steps against a rough, rocky country, and below the 
beaches are massive gravel terraces fully as typical of their 
kind. The ground is all cleared and cultivated, so that the 
opportunity to see the features described is perfect. Profes- 
sor Lawson gives the altitude of the highest beach at this 
place as 414 feet above lake Superior. The slope southeast- 
ward to the Ste. Marie river is pretty steep, affording a grand 
view over the great river and the islands. These beaches rest 
