400 'lln American, Geologist. June, 1894 
these objections cannot be conclusively answered. More facts 
are necessary before this or any other .theory for their origin 
can be considered proven; but there are a sufficient number 
of facts in our possession to make it worth while to retain 
this theory in the list of possible explanations. Since the 
tendency is so strongly away from this hypothesis and since 
these facts have never been formulated, they are brought for- 
ward here. 
(a) Assumed Absence of Stratified Drift. — It is said that 
if these hills are modified moraines they should show morainic 
structure. Instead of the dense till there should be a greater 
or less admixture of sand. 
i. General absence of sections. — It seems a question 
whether this objection is well taken. In the first place how 
many drumlins are there which have been exposed in com- 
plete section ? Railroads do not ordinarily cut through them, 
there are only a few upon the sea coast and only rarely, near 
large cities, are they breached deeply for purposes of grading. 
Not one drumlin in a hundred has been cut to a sufficient depth 
to reveal its true structure. They may be prevailingly stratified 
in the core.. If, therefore, it is shown that there are numerous 
instances where drumlins, when cut deeply, are found to be 
stratified, an important point has been gained in answering 
this objection, for this will show that a considerable percent- 
age of known cuts exhibit stratification. 
ii. Moraines not always stratified. — The point just made 
is strengthened by the fact that moraines are by no means 
universally stratified. The island of Cape Ann, Massachusetts, 
is covered by as distinct a moraine as one could desire ; yet, 
in the hundreds of sections, no stratified drift is found in the 
true moraine. On the moraine and in front of it there is 
modified drift; but the morainic peaks are unstratified. The 
same feature is noticed in central Massachusetts. These re- 
treatal moraines, formed during a brief stand of the ice, ap- 
pear to have been dumped with very little modification ex- 
cepting in the valleys. Even the terminal moraine of the 
second glacial epoch, in the vicinity of Ithaca in central New 
York, is very frequently shown to be unstratified on the up- 
lands and to be composed of true, compact till. Therefore it 
is not necessary to assume that all drumlins should be strati- 
