232 The American Geologist. April, 1902. 
age must be northward. As lake Charles fell from stage to 
stage, all the outlets on the south and east were in turn aban- 
doned, so that when the lake finally disappeared from the basin 
of the middle Charles the new river had to take possession of 
the lowest outlet to the north, the pass midway between Med- 
field and Natick, through which it now flows. Similarly, at 
Bellinghaf, at Medway, between Charles River village and 
Dedham, and at Newton Upper and Lower falls, the filling of 
the old valley caused the new river to deviate from its pre- 
glacial course, so that it now frequently flows over ledges in 
which it is still carving its gorges. 
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