176 Foliation and Sedimentation — Lawson. 
the evidence of shearing which is so common in the schists. 
11. Prof. W. says: "The foliation often seen in veins * * 
may in many cases sustain a relation to the earlier sedimenta- 
tion planes of the closely contiguous rock with which the vein 
is in continuity." 
There is precisely the same proof that the granite gneiss has 
passed through a magmatic condition in which every trace of 
sedimentation must necessarily have l)een obliterated, as holds 
in the case of ordinary granite of Devonian or any other post- 
Archaean age. Any injection that could take place with the 
retention of traces of sedimentation would necessarily shew the 
evidence of the shearing and deformation, and not possess the 
structure of granites as the veins in question do. 
"If vein foliation were quite independent of a previous bedded 
condition of the matter — as is doubtless the case in foliated 
veins of igneous origin, etc." 
How does Prof. W. distinguish between foliated veins of 
igneous origin and veins of foliated granite which penetrate and 
cut the schists? Precisely those characters which determined 
a vein to be of igneous origin, loudly asserted the origin of the 
veins of Laurentian gneiss. 
12. " It is admitted that the gneiss during the period of its 
metamorphosia was probably in a pasty condition though we 
have no proof that the blocks of schist were very far trans- 
ported in it. Some limited, deeper seated portions may have 
approached a state of igneous fluidity." 
This admission practically allows my w^hole contention if the 
word "pasty" be properly defined. The meanings it may have 
are limited in number. It may mean (^1) a mechanical mixture 
of rock matter, as such, and water, in which any crystalline con- 
stituents of the rock still retain their crystalline individuality 
however much comminuted. (2) A thickly viscid solution of 
rock matter in a small portion of water which could only take 
place at very high temperatures, and in which the constituents 
of the rock have lost their individuality and have merged into a 
common magma, which process is termed hydro-thermal fusion 
or aqueo-igneous fusion, or (3) absolutely dry fusion, which 
many facts warrant us in believing, is very rare in nature. 
There is no evidence whatever that granites or granite gneisses 
ever crystallized from such a mechanical paste as (1), and its 
