Carhoniferous Glaciation, Etc. — White. 317 
were abundant, none with fossils indicative of higher forma- 
tions, as Jurassic, Cretaceous, etc., were found, as would very 
probably have been the case, had fossils or concretions been 
transported. It was while investigating these that the pebbles 
and boulders showing facets, grooves, striae, etc., were found 
which proved the glacial origin of the boulder beds, and which 
have been so frequently described and illustrated in the works 
above referred to.' Later and special study in the field has 
resulted in ascertaining a wide distribution for the boulders, 
their stratigraphical as well as palseontological identity with 
the speckled sandstone of the western part of the range, and 
the discovery of glacial indications at the base of the Speckled 
sandstone itself. In his last annual report,^ William King, 
the new director of the survey of India, after reviewing briefly 
the case, and summarizing the later results, announces that 
the horizon of the Olive group boulder-bed is co-ordinate with 
and will hereafter be known as the " Speckled sandstone." For 
the sake of brevity I have omitted particulars and geological 
descriptions. The Speckled sandstone lies above the Neobo- 
lus beds (Lower Carboniferous) and below the Fusulina beds 
and the Productus limestone (Permian) of Waagen. 
Correlation : — Meanwhile the data for the correlation of 
the various horizons of the great Africo-Indo-Australian ter- 
rane, to which Feistmantel has proposed to apply the term 
" Gondwana system," have been summed up and reported upon 
in several important contributions by Feistmantel,* Waagen,* 
W. T. Blanford,' and Oldham.*^ The tabulated results of the 
first named of these have already been given. Those of the 
others, which agree so remarkably as' to be substantially iden- 
tical, will be presented in a table to which are added the gen- 
eral indications of the different kinds of paleontological evi- 
' The boulders, which consist chiefly of red porphyry, a rock foreign 
to the region, are frequently facetted, showing grinding and scratch- 
ing on each face, and occasionally in two or more directions on the 
same face showing their fixture at different times at different positions 
in the ice. At Mount Chel the bed was found to be several feet in 
thickness and was accompanied by about 25 feet of thick greenish mud 
through which boulders were scattered. 
2 Records Geol. Surv. India, xxi, Pt. i, 1888, pp. 1-6. 
3Sitzb. K. bohm. Gesell. Wiss., 1887, (1888) p. 1. 
* Jahrb. K.-K. Geol. Reichsanst., xxxvii, 1887, (Wien, 1888) p. 143. 
^ Rept. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Scei., Montreal meeting, 1884; Quart. Jour. 
Geol. Soc. London, xlii, 1886, p. 249. 
•> Records Geol. Surv. India, xix, 1886, p. 39. 
